我正在编写一个网络单例类,它需要在一个线程中运行,到目前为止没问题,但是我无法让它工作得很糟糕。
网络课程:
public class Network extends Thread {
private static Network cachedInstance = new Network();
private PrintWriter out;
private BufferedReader in;
private Network() {
}
private void init() {
try {
Socket clientSocket = new Socket(Config.HOST_NAME, Config.HOST_PORT);
out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
String fromServer;
while ((fromServer = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Server: " + fromServer);
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Controller.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
public static Network getInstance() {
return cachedInstance;
}
public void send(final String string) {
out.println(string);
}
@Override
public void run() {
init();
}
}
Controller类的一部分:
public void clientTest() {
int random = new Random().nextInt(1000);
Network.getInstance().start();
Network.getInstance().send(random + "");
}
我得到的错误:
Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
at network.Network.send(Network.java:52)
at controller.Controller.clientTest(Controller.java:126)
所以看起来单个网络实例没有正确实例化,理论上这是不可能的。
我的第二个问题是,如果我可以避免使用它:
Network.getInstance().start();
换句话说,我希望确保只创建一个线程(网络类),并且在初始化类时它始终默认运行。目前的方式还不错,但我认为它会更好。
对于想知道我为什么使用这种方法的人:基本上我只想使用Network.send()发送到固定服务器。那个服务器当然可以发回东西,但是在那个网络上需要做出反应并在某个时候从Controller调用方法。
问候。
编辑:建议的解决方案,基于反应
Network.class:
public class Network implements Runnable {
private static final Network cachedInstance;
static {
Network tempInstance = null;
try {
tempInstance = new Network(Config.HOST_NAME, Config.HOST_PORT);
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Network.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} finally {
cachedInstance = tempInstance;
}
}
private final Socket clientSocket;
private final PrintWriter out;
private final BufferedReader in;
private Network(final String hostname, final int port) throws IOException {
clientSocket = new Socket(hostname, port);
out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
}
public static Network getInstance() {
return cachedInstance;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String fromServer;
while ((fromServer = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Server: " + fromServer);
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Network.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
public void send(final String string) {
out.println(string);
}
public void close() {
try {
in.close();
out.close();
clientSocket.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Network.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
}
致电代码:
public void clientTest() {
int random = new Random().nextInt(1000);
Network network = Network.getInstance();
new Thread(network).start();
network.send(random + "");
network.close();
}
这仅用于测试,实际上连接需要保持打开,直到用户关闭程序。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
当您在某个线程上调用start()
时,在线程实际运行之前会经过一段时间。您在调用send()
之前调用run()
,因此在初始化out
之前。不要这样做。等待来自正在运行的线程的消息,只有这样才能安全地调用send()
。您可以在简单wait()
上使用notify()
和Object
来执行此操作。
至于避免让客户致电start()
- 确保从start()
的构造函数中调用Network
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
解决问题的一个简单方法是在启动线程之前建立连接,这样就不必担心这种竞争条件了。
public class Network implements Runnable, Closeable {
private final Socket clientSocket;
private final PrintWriter out;
private final BufferedReader in;
private volatile boolean closed = false;
public Network(String hostname, int port) throws IOException {
clientSocket = new Socket(hostname, port);
out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
}
public void run() {
try {
for(String fromServer; (fromServer = in.readLine()) != null;)
System.out.println("Server: " + fromServer);
} catch (IOException ex) {
if (!closed)
Logger.getLogger(Controller.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
public void send(String line) {
out.println(line);
}
public void close() {
closed = true;
try { clientSocket.close(); } catch (IOException ignored) { }
}
}
进行测试
@Test
public void testClient() {
Network network = new Network(Config.HOSTNAME, Config.PORT)
new Thread(network).start();
int random = new Random().nextInt(1000);
network.send(random + "");
network.close();
}
注意:使用有状态单例类使得单元测试非常困难,因为您必须将单例重置为其初始状态,或者一个测试可能会影响另一个,并且您运行的顺序可能会有所不同。在上面的测试中,它是自包含的,没有其他测试受到伤害。 ;)