multiprocess.apply_async如何包装* args和** kwargs?

时间:2013-04-25 20:59:24

标签: python multiprocessing kwargs

我正在尝试multiprocess.apply_async同时接纳*args**kwargs。文档表明调用序列可以实现这一点:

apply_async(func[, args[, kwds[, callback]]])

但我无法弄清楚如何使调用语法正确。用最小的例子:

from multiprocessing import Pool

def f(x, *args, **kwargs):
    print x, args, kwargs

args, kw = (), {}

print "# Normal call"
f(0, *args, **kw)

print "# Multicall"
P = Pool()
sol = [P.apply_async(f, (x,), *args, **kw) for x in range(2)]
P.close()
P.join()

for s in sol: s.get()

这按预期工作,提供输出

# Normal call
0 () {}
# Multicall
0 () {}
1 () {}

当args不是空元组时,例如args = (1,2,3),单个调用有效,但多处理解决方案给出:

# Normal call
0 (1, 2, 3) {}
# Multicall
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "kw.py", line 16, in <module>
    sol = [P.apply_async(f, (x,), *args, **kw) for x in range(2)]
TypeError: apply_async() takes at most 5 arguments (6 given)

我得到了kwargs参数,例如kw = {'cat':'dog'}

# Normal call
0 () {'cat': 'dog'}
# Multicall
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "kw.py", line 15, in <module>
    sol = [P.apply_async(f, (x,), *args, **kw) for x in range(2)]
TypeError: apply_async() got an unexpected keyword argument 'cat'

如何正确包裹multiprocess.apply_async

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

您不必明确使用***。只需传递元组和字典,然后让apply_async解压缩它们:

from multiprocessing import Pool

def f(x, *args, **kwargs):
    print x, args, kwargs

args, kw = (1,2,3), {'cat': 'dog'}

print "# Normal call"
f(0, *args, **kw)

print "# Multicall"
P = Pool()
sol = [P.apply_async(f, (x,) + args, kw) for x in range(2)]
P.close()
P.join()

for s in sol: s.get()

输出:

# Normal call                                                                                        
0 (1, 2, 3) {'cat': 'dog'}
# Multicall
0 (1, 2, 3) {'cat': 'dog'}
1 (1, 2, 3) {'cat': 'dog'}

请记住,在python的文档中,如果函数接受*args**kwargs,则其签名明确指出:

the_function(a,b,c,d, *args, **kwargs)

在你的情况下:

apply_async(func[, args[, kwds[, callback]]])

那里没有*,因此args一个参数,在调用funckwargs时会解压缩一个参数并以相同的方式处理。另请注意,**kwargs之后不可能有其他参数:

>>> def test(**kwargs, something=True): pass

  File "<stdin>", line 1
    def test(**kwargs, something=True): pass
                     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax