Question

我有一个Spring 3.2 MVC应用程序，并使用Spring MVC测试框架来测试我的控制器操作的GET和POST请求。我正在使用Mockito来模拟服务，但我发现模拟被忽略了，而且我的实际服务层正在被使用（因此，数据库正被命中）。

我的Controller测试中的代码：

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml", "classpath:/tests_persistence-applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService service;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // Post no parameters in this request to force errors
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
            .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        // Mock the service method to force a known response
        when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

您会注意到我有两个上下文配置文件;这是一个黑客攻击，因为如果我无法阻止控制器测试到达实际的服务层，那么该服务层也可能将其存储库指向测试数据库。我不能再用这个黑客逃脱，需要能够正确地模拟我的服务层。

为什么when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());没有在PolicyService中踢出并嘲笑save方法？我在某处错过了一些mockito配置吗？我需要在Spring配置中添加一些东西吗？到目前为止，我的研究仅限于谷歌搜索“spring mvc test mockito not working”，但这并没有给我太多的帮助。

感谢。

更新1

你是对的@ tom-verelst，我指的是我的测试中的PolicyService service;行，所以MockMvc内的服务当然会被Spring注入。

我做了一些研究，发现a blog post很好地解释了@InjectMocks的用途。

然后我尝试使用private MockMvc mockMvc注释@InjectMocks并仍然遇到同样的问题（即MockMvc内的服务是而不是嘲笑，因为我期待它成为）。我在调试期间添加了堆栈跟踪，调用了PolicyServiceImpl上的save方法（而不是在模拟服务中调用save方法）。

Thread [main] (Suspended (breakpoint at line 29 in DomainEntityServiceImpl) PolicyServiceImpl(DomainEntityServiceImpl<T>).save(T) line: 29

NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 317
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint() line: 183  
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 150  
TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation() line: 96
TransactionInterceptor(TransactionAspectSupport).invokeWithinTransaction(Method, Class, TransactionAspectSupport$InvocationCallback) line: 260  
TransactionInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation) line: 94
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 172  
JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 204
$Proxy44.save(DomainEntity) line: not available 
PolicyController.createOrUpdate(Policy, BindingResult) line: 64
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invoke(Object...) line: 219
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 132    
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 104    
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 746   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 687   
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter).handle(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, Object) line: 80 
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doDispatch(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 925  
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doService(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 856   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).processRequest(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 915   
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).doPost(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 822
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 727
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 796
TestDispatcherServlet.service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 66
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 820
MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) line: 168
MockFilterChain.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 136
MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder) line: 134   
PolicyControllerTest.createOrUpdateSuccessful() line: 67
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597  
FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall() line: 44  
FrameworkMethod$1(ReflectiveCallable).run() line: 15    
FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Object, Object...) line: 41
InvokeMethod.evaluate() line: 20    
RunBefores.evaluate() line: 28  
RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 74    
RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 83 
SpringRepeat.evaluate() line: 72    
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(FrameworkMethod, RunNotifier) line: 231
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Object, RunNotifier) line: 88
ParentRunner$3.run() line: 193  
ParentRunner$1.schedule(Runnable) line: 52  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).runChildren(RunNotifier) line: 191
ParentRunner<T>.access$000(ParentRunner, RunNotifier) line: 42
ParentRunner$2.evaluate() line: 184 
RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 61 
RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 71  
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).run(RunNotifier) line: 236
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(RunNotifier) line: 174  
JUnit4TestMethodReference(JUnit4TestReference).run(TestExecution) line: 50
TestExecution.run(ITestReference[]) line: 38    
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(String[], String, TestExecution) line: 467
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(TestExecution) line: 683  
RemoteTestRunner.run() line: 390    
RemoteTestRunner.main(String[]) line: 197

更多研究（Mockito Injecting Null values into a Spring bean when using @Mock?）建议将@InjectMocks应用于测试中的PolicyController成员变量，但正如第一个链接中的一个答案所指出的，这没有任何作用因为Spring对此一无所知。

Answer 1

感谢@J Andy的思路，我意识到我一直在走错路。在Update 1中，我试图将模拟服务注入MockMvc，但在退后一步之后，我意识到它不是MockMvc正在测试中，它是我想要的PolicyController测试。

为了给出一些背景知识，我想避免在我的Spring MVC应用程序中对@Controllers进行传统的单元测试，因为我想测试仅通过在Spring自身内运行控制器来提供的东西（例如RESTful调用控制器）动作）。这可以通过使用允许您在Spring中运行测试的Spring MVC Test framework来实现。

您将从我的初始问题中的代码中看到我在WebApplicationContext中运行Spring MVC测试（即this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); 而我应该所做的事情是独立运行。独立运行允许我直接注入我想要测试的控制器，因此可以控制如何将服务注入控制器（即强制使用模拟服务）。

这在代码中更容易解释。所以对于以下控制器：

import javax.validation.Valid;

import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Benefit;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.DomainEntityService;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/policies")
public class PolicyController extends DomainEntityController<Policy> {

    @Autowired
    private PolicyService service;

    @RequestMapping(value = "persist", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String createOrUpdate(@Valid @ModelAttribute("policy") Policy policy, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "createOrUpdatePolicyForm";
        }
        service.save(policy);
        return "redirect:list";
    }
}

我现在有以下测试类，其中服务被成功模拟，我的测试数据库不再被命中：

package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService policyService;

    @InjectMocks
    PolicyController controllerUnderTest;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed
        // and for the mock service to be injected into the controller under
        // test.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controllerUnderTest).build();

    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // POST no data to the form (i.e. an invalid POST)
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
        .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        when(policyService.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

当谈到Spring时，我仍然非常学习，所以任何能够改善我的解释的评论都会受到欢迎。 This blog post对我提出这个解决方案很有帮助。

Answer 2

本节11.3.6 Spring MVC测试框架，在Spring文档11. Testing中讨论它，但在某种程度上并不清楚。

让我们继续文档中的示例进行解释。样本测试类如下所示

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("test-servlet-context.xml")
public class AccountTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    // ...

}

假设您将org.example.AppController作为控制器。在test-servlet-context.xml中，您需要

<bean class="org.example.AppController">
    <property name="accountService" ref="accountService" />
</bean>

<bean id="accountService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="org.example.AccountService"/>
</bean>

文档缺少控制器的接线部件。如果您正在使用现场注入，则需要更改为accountService的setter注入。另外，请注意，constructor-arg的值（org.example.AccountService here）是一个接口，而不是一个类。

在AccountTests的设置方法中，您将拥有

@Before
public void setup() {
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

    // You may stub with return values here
    when(accountService.findById(1)).thenReturn(...);
}

测试方法可能看起来像

@Test
public void testAccountId(){
    this.mockMvc.perform(...)
    .andDo(print())
    .andExpect(...);  
}

andDo（print（））很方便，请“导入静态org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;”。

Answer 3

这可能是Spring和Mockito试图同时注入bean的问题。我可以想到避免这些问题的一种方法是使用Spring ReflectionTestUtils手动注入服务模拟。

在这种情况下， setup（）方法看起来像这样

@Before
public void setup() {
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

    // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

    // TODO: Make sure to set the field name in UUT correctly
    ReflectionTestUtils.setField( mockMvc, "service", service );
}

P.S。你的命名约定有点偏离恕我直言，我假设mockMvc是你试图测试的类（UUT）。我会使用以下名称

@Mock PolicyService mockPolicyService;
@InjectMocks Mvc mvc;

Answer 4

我更喜欢Mockmvc的独立服务

提到我的工作

public class AccessControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private AccessControlService accessControlService;

    @InjectMocks
    private AccessController accessController;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc =  MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(accessController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void validAccessControlRequest() throws Exception {
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.setAuthorized(false);
        Mockito.when(accessControlService.retrievePatient(any(String.class)))
         .thenReturn(bundle);

        mockMvc.perform(get("/access/user?user=3")).andExpect(status().isOk());
}

Answer 5

你正在为PolicyService创建一个模拟器，但据我所知，你并没有将它注入MockMvc。这意味着将调用Spring配置中定义的PolicyService而不是mock。

通过设置将PolicyService的模拟注入MockMvc，或者注意Springockito注入模拟。

Answer 6

如果在SpringBoot上使用Springs自己的@MockBean。 -正如码头所说：

在上下文中定义的任何现有的相同类型的单个bean都会被模拟代替。如果没有定义现有的bean，那么将有一个新的bean 被添加。

 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class ExampleTests {

     @MockBean
     private ExampleService service;

Answer 7

使用@WebMvcTest可以提供最新的春季版本的另一种解决方案。下面的示例。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(CategoryAPI.class)
public class CategoryAPITest {

@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;

@MockBean
CategoryAPIService categoryAPIService;

@SpyBean
Utility utility;

PcmResponseBean responseBean;

@Before
public void before() {
    PcmResponseBean responseBean = new PcmResponseBean("123", "200", null, null);
    BDDMockito.given(categoryAPIService.saveCategory(anyString())).willReturn(responseBean);
}

@Test
public void saveCategoryTest() throws Exception {
    String category = "{}";
    mvc.perform(post("/api/category/").content(category).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(jsonPath("messageId", Matchers.is("123")))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("status", Matchers.is("200")));
  }

}

在这里，我们仅加载CategoryAPI类，该类是Spring rest控制器类，其余的都是模拟的。 Spring具有自己的注释版本，例如@MockBean和@SpyBean，类似于嘲笑@Mock和@Spy。

无法在Spring MVC Controller测试中模拟Service类

更新1

7 个答案: