“math.floor(x)”和“int(x)”在Python中为正实数产生不同的结果吗?

时间:2013-04-17 22:25:23

标签: python random int floor

我在Python shell上查了几个例子,他们似乎吐出了相同的数字。但是在一个程序中,大量的数字应该被近似,它们显然会产生不同的结果。

我正在尝试编写一个模拟矩形平面上物体移动的小程序。为此,我必须编写一个名为“RectangularRoom”的类,它接收宽度和高度并创建一个网格:

class RectangularRoom(object):
"""
A RectangularRoom represents a rectangular region containing clean or dirty
tiles.

A room has a width and a height and contains (width * height) tiles. At any
particular time, each of these tiles is either clean or dirty.
"""
def __init__(self, width, height):
    """
    Initializes a rectangular room with the specified width and height.

    Initially, no tiles in the room have been cleaned.

    width: an integer > 0
    height: an integer > 0
    """
    self.width = width
    self.height = height
    self.room_coordinates = []
    for m in range(self.width):
        for n in range(self.height):
            self.room_coordinates.append((m,n))
    self.cleaned = []
def cleanTileAtPosition(self, pos):
    """
    Mark the tile under the position POS as cleaned.

    Assumes that POS represents a valid position inside this room.

    pos: a Position
    """
    self.cleaned.append((int(pos.getX()), int(pos.getY())))

def isTileCleaned(self, m, n):
    """
    Return True if the tile (m, n) has been cleaned.

    Assumes that (m, n) represents a valid tile inside the room.

    m: an integer
    n: an integer
    returns: True if (m, n) is cleaned, False otherwise
    """
    assert type (m)== int and type (n) == int
    return (m,n) in self.cleaned

def getNumTiles(self):
    """
    Return the total number of tiles in the room.

    returns: an integer
    """
    return self.width*self.height

def getNumCleanedTiles(self):
    """
    Return the total number of clean tiles in the room.

    returns: an integer
    """
    return len(self.cleaned)

def getRandomPosition(self):
    """ 
    Return a random position inside the room.

    returns: a Position object.
    """
    return Position (random.randrange(0 , self.width), random.randrange(0 , self.height))

def isPositionInRoom(self, pos):
    """
    Return True if pos is inside the room.

    pos: a Position object.
    returns: True if pos is in the room, False otherwise.
    """
    return (int(pos.getX()), int(pos.getY())) in self.room_coordinates

如您所见,我使用int()方法和随机生成器“random.randrange”实现它。

在解决方案中,教师使用math.floor()函数和随机生成器random.random()实现了这个类:

class RectangularRoom(object):
"""
A RectangularRoom represents a rectangular region containing clean or dirty
tiles.

A room has a width and a height and contains (width * height) tiles. At any
particular time, each of these tiles is either clean or dirty.
"""
def __init__(self, width, height):
    """
    Initializes a rectangular room with the specified width and height.

    Initially, no tiles in the room have been cleaned.

    width: an integer > 0
    height: an integer > 0
    """
    self.width = width
    self.height = height
    self.tiles = {}
    for x in range(self.width):
        for y in range(self.height):
            self.tiles[(x, y)] = False

def cleanTileAtPosition(self, pos):
    """
    Mark the tile under the position POS as cleaned.

    Assumes that POS represents a valid position inside this room.

    pos: a Position
    """
    x = math.floor(pos.getX())
    y = math.floor(pos.getY())
    self.tiles[(x, y)] = True

def isTileCleaned(self, m, n):
    """
    Return True if the tile (m, n) has been cleaned.

    Assumes that (m, n) represents a valid tile inside the room.

    m: an integer
    n: an integer
    returns: True if (m, n) is cleaned, False otherwise
    """
    return self.tiles[(m, n)]

def getNumTiles(self):
    """
    Return the total number of tiles in the room.

    returns: an integer
    """
    return self.width * self.height

def getNumCleanedTiles(self):
    """
    Return the total number of clean tiles in the room.

    returns: an integer
    """
    return sum(self.tiles.values())

def getRandomPosition(self):
    """
    Return a random position inside the room.

    returns: a Position object.
    """
    return Position(random.random() * self.width,
                    random.random() * self.height)

def isPositionInRoom(self, pos):
    """
    Return True if pos is inside the room.

    pos: a Position object.
    returns: True if pos is in the room, False otherwise.
    """
    return ((0 <= pos.getX() < self.width)
            and (0 <= pos.getY() < self.height))

令人惊讶的是,这两个代码块产生了完全不同的结果。我想知道为什么会这样。 int()和floor()对正数有相同的效果,两个随机函数似乎产生相似的数字。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

好吧,我不知道你问题的答案 - 我怀疑他们的答案完全相同。但是,我认为您的解决方案存在问题,可能会解释输出:

在'cleanTileAtPosition'

self.cleaned.append((int(pos.getX()), int(pos.getY())))

在'getNumCleanedTiles'

return len(self.cleaned)

此代码似乎允许多次清理磁贴。这不是您的教师代码所做的,因为该磁贴只能设置为“True”一次。

(顺便说一句,因为random.randrange返回一个整数..整数转换应该什么都不做!)

编辑:此外 - 我认为类型差异值得考虑。但是你的所有类型都是'整数',所以它应该不是问题。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

你的方法之间有一个很大的不同。 random.randrange返回一个整数,并在位置上调用int()。你正在使用整数。 同时,random.random() * something返回一个浮点数,math.floor也返回一个浮点数。你的老师一直在使用花车。

这至少是intmath.floor之间的差异,但我不知道为什么会产生完全不同的结果。你能更具体一点吗?

答案 2 :(得分:1)

考虑以下示例:

>>> a = 1.2
>>> b = int(a)
>>> c = math.floor(a)
>>> b
1
>>> c
1.0
>>> type(c)
<type 'float'>
>>> type(a)
<type 'float'>
>>> type(b)
<type 'int'>

即使int()和floor()对正整数执行“相同的操作”,结果也是不同的类型。这可能导致各种不同的交互,具体取决于您稍后对它们执行的操作。 Python将从它的角度弄清楚如何让它“工作”,尽管它不一定会给你你想要的结果。

通常,在编程中进行任何数学运算时,您希望在所使用的类型中保持一致,这样您就不必担心类型转换和提升以及所有令人讨厌的东西。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

使用“整数”代替math.floor terhe会更好 - 但是,Python在浮动中有足够的黑魔法&lt; - &gt;整数比较,这个差异在上面的代码中应该没有问题。但是,这两个版本的代码都有一个独特的Java或C ++“重音”,使得它比简单的Python代码更复杂。可能差异出现在代码的其他一些方面 - 而不是在这个四舍五入。例如 - 尝试使用random.randint而不是获取浮点数,然后将其舍入,以开始。