阅读序列化后,我尝试对书中提供的示例进行实验。以下代码有一些变化,这基本上是从SCJP书中选取的。
import java.io.FileInputStream;
public class SerializationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Collar c = new Collar(4);
Dog d = new Dog(c, "Sheru", 32);
FileOutputStream fos = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
fos = new FileOutputStream(
"C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\NewDir\\DogState.txt");
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
oos.close();
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// ***************************************************************************************************
// //
Dog restore = null;
FileInputStream fis = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(
"C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\NewDir\\DogState.txt");
ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
restore = (Dog) ois.readObject();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
fis.close();
ois.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("after: dog name: "+ restore.name +" , collar=" + restore.getCollar());
System.out.println("Animal material is:" + restore.getWeight());
}
}
// Intentionally added parameterized constructor so that default constructor is not called.
class Animal{
int weight = 42;
public Animal(int weight) {
this.weight = weight;
System.out.println("animal constructor");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal implements Serializable {
String name;
transient Collar collar;
public Collar getCollar() {
return collar;
}
public void setCollar(Collar collar) {
this.collar = collar;
}
public int getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(int weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
public Dog(Collar collar, String name, int weight) {
super(weight);
System.out.println("Dog constructor");
this.collar = collar;
this.name = name;
}
}
class Collar {
int size;
public Collar(int size) {
System.out.println("Collar constructor");
this.size = size;
}
}
这里我的问题是为什么会发生InvalidClassException,请解释异常的根本原因。 当前输出是
Collar constructor
animal constructor
Dog constructor
java.io.InvalidClassException: Dog; Dog; no valid constructor
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)
at SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:39)
Caused by: java.io.InvalidClassException: Dog; no valid constructor
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.<init>(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.lookup(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(Unknown Source)
at SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:18)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:54)
如果我删除Animal构造函数并注释掉Dog构造函数中的super(weight),则输出为
Collar constructor
Dog constructor
after: dog name: Sheru , collar=null
Animal material is:42
我理解这个输出,并且我还得到这样的事实:在反序列化期间调用了serialzable类的超类构造函数但是这里没有默认构造函数,所以发生了异常。但是为什么我想知道这个例外。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
尝试从文件中读取时会抛出异常:
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)
at SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:39)
堆栈跟踪清楚地表明程序在尝试读取对象时中止。令你困惑的是引用写入的第二个堆栈跟踪:
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(Unknown Source)
at SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:18)
但您似乎已跳过此非常重要的一行:
Caused by: java.io.InvalidClassException: Dog; no valid constructor
Java堆栈跟踪可以嵌套,一个例外可以导致另一个;这是一个小小的尴尬。事实上,在对象的序列化过程中,已经计算出没有默认构造函数。以下是involved source code的摘录:
...
cons = getSerializableConstructor(cl);
...
} else if (cons == null) {
deserializeEx = new InvalidClassException(name, "no valid constructor");
}
这意味着在写入期间,已经很清楚没有有效的构造函数。但是,异常不会被抛出,而是与对象一起序列化。稍后,在反序列化时,会调用此代码:
void checkDeserialize() throws InvalidClassException {
if (deserializeEx != null) {
InvalidClassException ice =
new InvalidClassException(deserializeEx.classname,
deserializeEx.getMessage());
ice.initCause(deserializeEx);
throw ice;
}
}
这里抛出了“真正的”异常,但是它的原因被设置为在对象序列化期间存储的异常。
这种机制只能在SUN / Oracle的Java实现中找到; OpenJDK在尝试读取时会明显抛出异常,并且不会在写入时保留堆栈跟踪。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
非Serializable基类Dog必须具有可访问的默认构造函数。当您注释掉Dog(weight)构造函数时,会强制编译器提供一个,当您将它保留在编译器中时,不会提供一个。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
有一条规则,即序列化类的父类或与该的任何任何关联类必须实现Serializable 。
以您为例,当您删除super(weight);
时,它将检查默认构造函数并正常运行
。但是,如果您放置class Animal implements Serializable
,则代码也将正常运行。