首先参考Stack Overflow问题 Using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel 。
数据结构与以下内容相似：
col1 col2 col3 col4 col5
row1 School 1
row2 Dean John
row3 No.stu. 55
row4 some irrelevant stuff
row5 School2 2
row6 Dean Tony
row7 No. stu. 60
row8 some irrelevant stuff
row9 School 3
row10 Dean James
row11 No.stu. 56
row12 No. teacher 20
row13 School 4
row14 Dean Tom
row15 No.stu. 79
row16 No. teacher 21
row17 course
row18 math 2
row19 eng 4
row20 teacher name age gender race
row21 Jane 20 female white
row22 student name Lee
row23 SAT 1434
row24 gender male
我想要实现的输出是：
col1 col2 col3 col4 col5 col6 col7 col8 col9
row1 School Dean No.stu. No. teacher course_math course_eng teacher_name teacher_age teacher_gender teacher_race student_name student_SAT student_gender
row2 1 John 55
row3 2 Tony 60
row4 3 James 56 20
row5 4 Tome 79 21 2 4 Jane 20 female white Lee 1434 male
感谢gangabass，我给出的代码是：
use strict;
use warnings;
use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;
use FindBin qw($Bin);
my ($infile) = @ARGV;
my $parser = Spreadsheet::ParseExcel->new();
my $workbook = $parser->parse("$Bin/Test.xls");
die $parser->error unless defined $workbook;
my ($worksheet) = $workbook->worksheets();
my %data;
my $row = 0;
my $school = "";
while (1) {
my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, 0);
last unless defined($cell);
my $key = $cell->value();
my $value = $worksheet->get_cell($row++, 1)->value();
if ($key eq "School") {
$school = $value;
next;
}
$data{$school}->{$key} = $value;
}
sleep 1;
我从解析row17-row19开始。我遇到的第一个问题是（row17，col3）中的空单元格。代码在到达此处时会出错。知道Excel单元格区分'空'和'空'，我可以通过将原始XLS文件的单元格格式设置为除“常规”之外的其他格式来解决它。但是，这只是一个临时解决方案。我想知道是否有任何命令我可以用来获取空单元格。我已经尝试unformatted()添加：
my $unformattedvalue = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 1 )->unformatted();
然后，我尝试使用以下代码在“课程”状态下指定数据结构：
my %data;
my $row = 0;
my $school = "";
my $course = ""; #Initial value for the state of course
while (1) {
my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, 0);
last unless defined($cell);
my $key = $cell->value();
my $value = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 1 )->value();
my $value1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 2 )->value(); #Fetching the value in column 3
if ($key eq "School") {
$school = $value;
next;
}
if ($key eq "course") { #Just mimicking the how we construct the structure of 'School'
$course = $value1;
next;
}
$data{$school}->{$key} = $value; #Must be something wrong here, but can not figure out
}
代码未通过并提供Can't call method "value" on an undefined value at xxx line of 'my $value1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row++, 2 )->value()';
简而言之，我的问题是：
如何使用Spreadsheet :: ParseExcel
解析如下所示的结构row17 course
row18 math 2
row19 eng 4
答案 0 :(得分：2)
你不应该做$row++。
请尝试使用此代码作为起点：
my %data;
my $state = "";
my $school = "";
my $student = "";
my ( $row_min, $row_max ) = $worksheet->row_range();
my $row = $row_min;
while ($row <= $row_max) {
my $cell0 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 0 );
my $cell1 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 1 );
if (defined($cell0)) {
my $key = $cell0->value();
if ($key eq 'School') {
$state = 'school';
$school = $cell1->value();
} elsif ($key eq 'course') {
$state = 'course';
} elsif ($key eq 'teacher') {
$state = 'teacher';
} elsif ($key eq 'student') {
$state = 'student');
$student = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 2 )->value();
} else {
$data{$school}{$key} = $cell1->value();
}
} elsif ($state eq 'course') {
# process columns for course
} elsif ($state eq 'teacher') {
# process columns for teacher
} elsif ($state eq 'student') {
# process columns for student
}
$row++;
}
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper(\%data);
<强>更新
要处理教师行，我首先会在第一个while循环之外声明％teacher_columns散列，并使用col_range（）方法声明$ col_min和$ col_max。然后在$key eq 'teacher' elsif子句中，我会做这样的事情：
%teacher_columns = (); # clear it out in case column names are different for this school
for my $col (2 .. $col_max) {
my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, $col );
$teacher_columns{$cell->value()} = $col if defined($cell) and $cell->value();
}
然后在state eq 'teacher' elsif条款中，我会做这样的事情：
foreach my $key (keys %teacher_columns) {
my $cell = $worksheet->get_cell($row, $teacher_columns{$key});
if (defined($cell)) {
# store cell data into proper location of your data hash
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：0)
这是我的作业：
我只是添加了列的过程。
elsif ($state eq 'student') {
my $key = $cell1->value();
$data{$school}{$student}{$key} =$cell2->value();
} elsif ($state eq 'course') {
my $key = $cell1->value();
$data{$school}{$course}{$key} =$cell2->value();
其中$cell2定义为：
my $cell2 = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 2 );
它给了我：
$VAR1 = {
'4' => {
'course' => {
'math' => '2',
'eng' => '4'
},
'No.Stu' => '79',
'No.Teacher' => '21',
'Lee' => {
'SAT' => '1434',
'gender' => 'male'
},
'Dean' => 'Tom'
},
'1' => {
'No.Stu' => '55',
'Dean' => 'John'
},
'3' => {
'No.Stu' => '56',
'No.Teacher' => '20',
'Dean' => 'James'
},
'2' => {
'No.Stu' => '60',
'Dean' => 'Tony'
}
};
看起来不错。
但我不知道如何为教师处理专栏，因为它有一些不同的结构：
col1 col2 col3 col4 col5
row20 teacher name age gender race
rwo21 Jane 20 female white
我试图遍历列以获取单元格值作为键但不成功：
my ( $col_min, $col_max ) = $worksheet->col_range();
my $col = $col_min;
my $cell3 = $worksheet->get_cell(++$row, $col );
elsif ($state eq 'teacher') {
while ($col <= $col_max) {
my $key = $worksheet->get_cell($row, $col++ );
}
$data{$school}{$teacher}{$key} =$cell3->value();
}
有什么建议吗？
更新：我按照@imran的建议，它工作得很好然后我只是使用以下代码重写我已解析成新的XLS文件：
use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
$workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('Result.xls');
$worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
$col = 0;
$row = 0;
$worksheet->write( $row++, $col,
["School", "No.Stu", "No.Teacher", "Dean","Course_math", "Course_eng", "student_SAT", "student_name", "student_gender", "teacher_race", "teacher_name", "teacher_age", "teacher_gender"] );
foreach my $school( sort keys %data ) {
$worksheet->write( $row++, $col,
[ $school, @{$data{$school}}{ "No.Stu", "No.Teacher", "Dean"}, @{$data{$school}{course}}{ "math", "eng"}, @{$data{$school}{student}}{ "SAT", "name", "gender"}, @{$data{$school}{teacher}}{ "race", "name", "age", "gender"} ]) ;
}
$workbook->close();
除了一件小事以外，一切顺利。 teacher_age的单元格为空，但它在哈希表中显示它已被解析。我无法理解......
哈希教师部分如下：
'teacher' => {
'race' => 'white',
'name' => 'Jane',
'age ' => '25',
'gender' => ' female'
},
我使用的代码正是你所建议的，但重新格式化的xls中的'teacher_age'的单元格。文件是空的。
更新2：回到关于'state'的问题，是否总是从后续行开始解析？如果我有以下数据结构怎么办：
School 1
course math
eng
...
School 2
course phy
...
School 3
course chem
gym
music
如果我使用旧代码并定义课程状态，我只能从eng，school 1课程gym and music解析school 2。好吧，我正在考虑提前一行定义课程状态，但没有任何运气。有什么建议吗？
更新
我通过将课程代码更改为：
来关注@ imran的建议} elsif ($key eq 'course') {
$state = 'course';
$course = $worksheet->get_cell( $row, 1 )->value();
}
相应地，哈希表为：
} elsif ($state eq 'course') {
my $key = $cell1->value();
$data{$school}{$course}{$key} =$cell1->value();
}
但是，它只能解析
'1' => {
'math' => {
'eng' => 'eng'
},
}
'3' => {
'chem' => {
'gym' => 'gym',
'music' => 'music
},
}
没有解析school2。
通过在到达密钥后立即使用course来解决问题。即不是拥有定义course keys的单独块并继续进行课程表。我现在有：
} elsif ($key eq 'course') {
$state = 'course';
$course = $state;
my $key = $cell1->value();
$data{$school}{$course}{$key} = $key;
}
它就是那个伎俩。但我仍然对它的运作方式感到好奇。