我经常看到GObject库与类似COM-Windows的解决方案相比较。总的来说，我并没有真正了解这个框架应该解决的问题以及采用这些问题带来的好处是什么？
我找到了一些小答案，比如“它是一个可以轻松将C libs移植到其他语言的包装器”，但是GObject还提供其他功能，比如信号/插槽机制，还有其他相关的东西，但我老实说得不到关于这一点的大局。
你能用简单的古英语解释一下吗？
答案 0 :(得分：5)
COM和类似的库提供了创建和使用面向对象的二进制组件的能力。
“二进制”意味着它与语言无关，可在例如C，C ++，Pascal等。
COM顶部的一个名为“Automation”的层提供脚本语言的访问，用于专门支持“自动化”的组件。
作为一个具体示例，Windows API提供了一个自动化COM组件，它表示（并可以创建或修改）Windows快捷方式。 Windows快捷方式是“.lnk”文件，有点像符号链接，除了它们必须由应用程序显式解除引用。在我正在编写的计算机上，MingW g ++安装包含一个JavaScript程序，可以将基于COM的功能作为简单的命令行命令提供。
该程序中的COM对象创建：
var Shortcut = WinShell.CreateShortcut( prefix + assigned[lnkname] );
其中WinShell是另一个Windows API COM对象，通过脚本宿主环境提供的函数创建。
完整的计划：
＆GT; 的MinGW \的libexec \ mingw的-得到\ shlink.js/*
* shlink.js
*
* $Id: shlink.js,v 1.1 2012/04/06 22:49:36 keithmarshall Exp $
*
* Invoke the Windows Scripting Host to create or modify a windows shortcut,
* with specified parameters.
*
* Usage:
* cscript -nologo shlink.js [--option[=value] ...] target name
*
* Options:
* --verbose report shortcut parameter assignments on stdout
*
* --all-users
* create the shortcut in the start menu, or on the
* desktop available to all users; (has no effect,
* unless --start-menu or --desktop is specified)
*
* --desktop create the shortcut on the desktop of the current
* user, (or for all users, with --all-users)
*
* --start-menu
* create the shortcut in the user's start menu, (or
* all users' start menu, with --all-users)
*
* --arguments="argument list ..."
* specify arguments to be passed to the command
* invoked by the shortcut
*
* --description="text ..."
* specify the "tool tip" for the shortcut
*
* --hotkey="[SHIFT+][CTRL+][ALT+]key"
* specify a hot-key combination which may be used
* to invoke the shortcut command
*
* --icon="d:\path\to\icon\file[,index]"
* specify an icon to associate with the shortcut;
* if unspecified, the first icon in the target file,
* or failing that, a system default is used
*
* --show=normal|maximised|minimised
* specify the style of window in which the program
* invoked by the shortcut will start running
*
* --workingdir="d:\path\to\working\directory"
* specify the absolute path name for the directory
* which will become the current working directory when
* the program invoked by the shortcut is started
*
* Parameters:
* target the path name to the program to invoke, or the file
* to be opened, when the shortcut is activated.
*
* name the path name for the shortcut file itself; if this
* does not end with either a ".lnk" or ".url" extension,
* then ".lnk" will be appended, so creating a regular
* file system link type shortcut.
*
*
* This file is a component of mingw-get.
*
* Written by Keith Marshall <keithmarshall@users.sourceforge.net>
* Copyright (C) 2012, MinGW Project
*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
*/
var cmdName = WScript.ScriptName;
var WinShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell");
/* Properties for the shortcut may be specified as arguments
* to command line options, each of which is represented in the
* GNU long option form, by keywords with property associations
* as specified by:
*/
var options = Array(
"name", /* File name/path of .lnk file */
"all-users",
"start-menu",
"desktop",
"verbose",
/*
* Option Property
* ------------- -------------------------
*/
"arguments", /* Shortcut.Arguments */
"description", /* Shortcut.Description */
"hotkey", /* Shortcut.HotKey */
"icon", /* Shortcut.IconLocation */
"show", /* Shortcut.WindowStyle */
"target", /* Shortcut.TargetPath */
"workingdir" /* Shortcut.WorkingDirectory */
);
/* The "complain" function provides a mechanism for writing
* diagnostic messages to stderr, and optionally aborting the
* calling script.
*/
function complain( condition, message )
{
WScript.StdErr.WriteLine( cmdName + ": " + message );
if( condition < 0 )
WScript.Quit( -condition );
return condition;
}
/* Strip ".js" suffix from command name.
*/
var i = cmdName.lastIndexOf( ".js" );
if( (i > 0) && (cmdName.substr( i ) == ".js") )
cmdName = cmdName.substr( 0, i );
/* Initialise all options to "unassigned" state.
*/
var target = -1;
var lnkname = -1;
var desktop = -1;
var allusers = -1;
var startmenu = -1;
var verbosity = -1;
var unassigned = "+++unassigned+++";
var assigned = Array( options.length );
for( var k = 0; k < assigned.length; k++ )
{
switch( options[k] )
{
case "name":
lnkname = k;
break;
case "desktop":
desktop = k;
break;
case "start-menu":
startmenu = k;
break;
case "all-users":
allusers = k;
break;
case "target":
target = k;
break;
case "verbose":
verbosity = k;
}
assigned[k] = unassigned;
}
/* Define the prefix, which will qualify the location
* of the shortcut; initialise it to nothing, so that by
* default shortcuts will be located by absolute path name,
* as specified, or relative to current working directory.
*/
var prefix = "";
var j;
function assign_option( name, value )
{
switch( name )
{
case "desktop":
case "start-menu":
case "all-users":
case "verbose":
j = i;
return "set";
}
return value;
}
/* Parse the command line.
*/
var argv = WScript.Arguments;
for( i = 0; i < argv.length; i++ )
{
if( argv( i ).indexOf( "--" ) == 0 )
{
/* Handle arguments specifying options...
*/
if( (optind = argv( j = i ).indexOf( "=" ) + 1) > 3 )
{
optnam = argv( j ).substr( 2, optind - 3 );
optarg = argv( j ).substr( optind );
}
else
{
optnam = argv( j ).substr( 2 );
if( ++j < argv.length )
optarg = argv( j );
else
optarg = unassigned;
}
var matched = 0;
for( var k = 0; k < options.length; k++ )
{
if( optnam == options[k] )
{
matched = 1;
assigned[k] = assign_option( options[k], optarg );
k = options.length;
}
else if( options[k].indexOf(optnam) == 0 )
{
if( ++matched > 1 )
complain( -2, cmdName + "option '" + argv( i ) + "' is ambiguous" );
assigned[k] = assign_option( options[k], optarg );
}
}
if( matched == 1 )
{
i = j;
}
else
complain( -2, "option '" + argv( i ) + "' is not supported" );
}
/* Handle non-option arguments...
*/
else if( (target >= 0) && (assigned[target] == unassigned) )
/*
* ...the first of which is the target to which the
* (shortcut) link is to refer...
*/
assigned[target] = argv( i );
else if( (lnkname >= 0) && (assigned[lnkname] == unassigned) )
/*
* ...the second is the file system path name at which
* the link file itself is to be saved...
*/
assigned[lnkname] = argv( i );
else
/* ...and any more than two is an error.
*/
complain( -2, "too many arguments" );
}
/* Verify that mandatory arguments have been specified...
*/
if( assigned[target] == unassigned )
/*
* First of these, the TargetPath specification, is required;
* diagnose and abort, if missing.
*/
complain( -2, "missing argument: no target path specified" );
if( assigned[lnkname] == unassigned )
/*
* Second, the path name for the link file itself is essential;
* again, diagnose and abort if missing.
*/
complain( -2, "missing argument: no shortcut name specified" );
/* We have both the mandatory arguments; check that the link name
* is properly terminated by a ".lnk" or ".url" suffix...
*/
var suffix = "";
if( (i = assigned[lnkname].length - 4) > 0 )
suffix = assigned[lnkname].substr( i );
/* ...and append ".lnk" as default, if not already present.
*/
if( (suffix != ".lnk") && (suffix != ".url") )
assigned[lnkname] += ".lnk";
/* Add the appropriate prefix for '--desktop' or '--start-menu' shortcuts.
*/
if( assigned[desktop] != unassigned )
{
if( assigned[startmenu] != unassigned )
complain( -2, "options '--desktop' and '--start-menu' are incompatible" );
else prefix = WinShell.SpecialFolders( (assigned[allusers] == unassigned)
? "Desktop" : "AllUsersDesktop" ) + "\\";
}
else if( assigned[startmenu] != unassigned )
prefix = WinShell.SpecialFolders( (assigned[allusers] == unassigned)
? "StartMenu" : "AllUsersStartMenu" ) + "\\";
else if( assigned[allusers] != unassigned )
complain( -2,
"option '--all-users' also requires '--desktop' or '--start-menu'"
);
/* Handle verbosity...
*/
function verbose_assignment( property, value )
{
if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": set " + property + " = " + value );
}
/* Initialise the shortcut entity reference.
*/
if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": create shortcut: " + prefix + assigned[lnkname] );
var Shortcut = WinShell.CreateShortcut( prefix + assigned[lnkname] );
for( var k = 0; k < options.length; k++ )
{
if( assigned[k] != unassigned )
switch( options[k] )
{
case "arguments":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.Arguments", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.Arguments = assigned[k];
break;
case "description":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.Description", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.Description = assigned[k];
break;
case "hotkey":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.HotKey", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.HotKey = assigned[k];
break;
case "icon":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.IconLocation", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.IconLocation = assigned[k];
break;
case "show":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.WindowStyle", assigned[k] );
var style = Array(
"normal", 1,
"maximised", 3,
"maximized", 3,
"minimised", 7,
"minimized", 7
);
for( j = 0; j < style.length; j++ )
if( style[j++].indexOf( assigned[k] ) == 0 )
{
Shortcut.WindowStyle = style[j];
j = 100;
}
if( j < 100 )
complain( 1, "unrecognised mode '--show=" + assigned[k] + "' ignored" );
break;
case "target":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.TargetPath", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.TargetPath = assigned[k];
break;
case "workingdir":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.WorkingDirectory", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.WorkingDirectory = assigned[k];
}
else if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": option '--" + options[k] + "' is unassigned" );
}
/* Commit the shortcut entity to disk.
*/
Shortcut.Save();
/* $RCSfile: shlink.js,v $: end of file */