我正在尝试使用Python通过命令行与另一个程序进行交互。我遇到的主要问题是具有多个后续提示的特定呼叫。最初，命令行调用询问项目的名称，然后继续询问我是否要查看项目的任何子文件夹。我需要按顺序回答每一个的y / n，遗憾的是，每个y或n的答案都不是y或n。此外，如果不阅读个别提示，我无法知道问题的答案，因此我无法一次性发送一个或多个块。
这是命令行调用：
si viewproject
输入命令后，命令行会提示：
输入项目名称：
一个示例回应是：
输入项目名称：c：/test.pj
进入项目后，会提示以下内容：
您想要进入子项目test_subprj.pj吗？ [ynYN]（n）的
此时我需要用y或n来回应，具体取决于我是否需要该子项目。同样，对这个问题的回答取决于子项目。我需要能够在此提示中阅读子项目，以便用“＆＃39; y”回复它。或者＆＃39; n＆＃39;
目前我需要分别手动输入项目以及每个y和n。我的目标是使用Python自动执行此过程。
有没有办法自动响应这些命令行提示？
project_path = "c:/test.pj"
with Popen(["si", "viewproject", "--project=" + project_path],
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, universal_newlines=True) as p:
for line in p.stdout:
if line.startswith("Do you want"):
answer = 'n'
else:
continue # skip it
print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
p.stdin.flush()
此方法在使用Popen语句后挂起。它永远不会出错，但它永远不会进入或退出for语句而永远不会完成。目前我违反了＆＃34; n＆＃34;的所有答案，但稍后将用逻辑替换。
import re
import sys
from functools import partial
import winpexpect
project_path = "c:/test.pj"
p = winpexpect.winspawn('si viewproject --project=' + project_path)
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = [re.compile('ynYN'), winpexpect.EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
if found == 0:
answer = 'n'
p.sendline(answer)
返回以下错误消息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 541, in read_nonblocking
handle, status, data = self.child_output.get(timeout=timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\queue.py", line 175, in get
raise Empty
queue.Empty
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1378, in expect_loop
c = self.read_nonblocking (self.maxread, timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 543, in read_nonblocking
raise TIMEOUT('Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().')
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "K:\eclipse_3.6.0\plugins\org.python.pydev_2.6.0.2012062818\pysrc\pydev_runfiles.py", line 432, in __get_module_from_str
mod = __import__(modname)
File "C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py", line 19, in <module>
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1311, in expect
return self.expect_list(compiled_pattern_list, timeout, searchwindowsize)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1325, in expect_list
return self.expect_loop(searcher_re(pattern_list), timeout, searchwindowsize)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1409, in expect_loop
raise TIMEOUT (str(e) + '\n' + str(self))
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
<winpexpect.winspawn object at 0x0144AE50>
version: 2.3 ($Revision: 399 $)
command: si
args: ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=c:/test.pj']
searcher: searcher_re:
0: re.compile("ynYN")
1: EOF
buffer (last 100 chars):
before (last 100 chars):
after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
match: None
match_index: None
exitstatus: None
flag_eof: False
pid: 6448
child_fd: 4
closed: False
timeout: 30
delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
logfile: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='Cp1252'>
logfile_read: None
logfile_send: None
maxread: 2000
ignorecase: False
searchwindowsize: None
delaybeforesend: 0.05
delayafterclose: 0.1
delayafterterminate: 0.1
ERROR: Module: Test_prj could not be imported (file: C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py).
懒人方式
第一世界的问题
Python对我来说是一种新语言，我之前从未为Python安装过包。此外，Python 3.x与其他版本的Python略有不同，使得安装模块更具冒险性。
所以，为了帮助其他人获得一些甜蜜的模块行动（并帮助那些知识渊博的人看看我做错了什么），这里很快就会有成功的故事（希望）记录我是如何得到并安装我的第一个模块。
设置
Python允许第三方组开发和分发扩展编程语言能力的模块。当然，有一种标准方法可以帮助第三方开发人员尽可能轻松地为最终用户提供模块。
对于Python 3.x，分发模块的标准称为Distutils。
以下是开发人员如何使用Distutils： Distributing Python Modules
以下是最终用户如何使用Distutils： Installing Python Modules
通常，在命令行中导航到下载模块的文件夹并运行＆＃34; setup.py install＆＃34;就够了。
BUT
有时候生活并不那么容易，您的安装可能仍然存在问题。事实上，你可能需要别的东西。例如，您可能会收到以下错误：
＆＃34; ImportError“没有名为Setuptools的模块”＆＃34;
幸运的是，有一个解决方案： Python 3: ImportError "No Module named Setuptools"
事实证明，并非一切都使用了distutils。有些软件包使用setuptools。不幸的是，Python 3.x没有setuptools。相反，Python 3.x使用distribute，它是setuptools的一个分支。
对于那些使用Python 3.x的人来说，这里是Distribute：Distribute
对于使用Python 2.x的用户，这里是Setuptools：Setuptools
在“分发安装说明”中，它说明如下：
＆＃34;下载
distribute_setup.py <http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py> _
并使用您选择的Python解释器执行它。＆＃34;
它还说：＆＃34;请注意，此文件也在源版本中提供。＆＃34;
所以我下载了Distribute并将其保存到了计算机上。将它保存到计算机后，我从源版本运行distribute_setup.py并收到以下错误：
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.36.tar.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1252, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers) File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1049, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1087, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1045, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 890, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 828, in send
self.connect()
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 806, in connect
self.timeout, self.source_address)
File "C:\Python33\lib\socket.py", line 406, in create_connection
for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 553, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 549, in main
tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 204, in download_setuptools
src = urlopen(url)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 160, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 473, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 491, in _open
'_open', req)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 451, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1272, in http_open
return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1255, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed>
那不好！老实说，我仍然不知道错误的来源或原因。
无论如何，我发现以下网站运行.exe来安装分发以及pip。
所以我安装了这些，然后使用以下网站设置我的电脑，以便更轻松地使用easy_install：Setting Up Easy Install Made Easy
一旦我开始工作，我就安装了鼻子：Nose
我得到鼻子的原因是因为Winpexpect website说： ＆＃34; WinPexpect包括单元测试。要运行测试，你需要鼻子。使用以下命令运行测试：
$ python setup.py test＆＃34;
那听起来不错:)。现在我只是希望我知道在哪里进行测试。我知道如果你手动安装，你可以使用setup.py install命令，因此在线压缩目录中肯定会有一个setup.py.为了查看这是否正确，我下载并保存了winpexpect文件，提取了信息，通过命令行导航到它，然后运行setup.py test。
以下是以下结果：
running test
running build_py
running egg_info
creating c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info
writing c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing requirements to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\requires.txt
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Documents and Settings\SLZ1FH\Desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\setup.py", line 35, in <module>
use_2to3 = True
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 917, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 936, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 138, in run
self.with_project_on_sys_path(self.run_tests)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 118, in with_project_on_sys_path
func()
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 164, in run_tests
testLoader = cks
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__
self.parseArgs(argv)
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 168, in parseArgs
self.createTests()
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 175, in createTests
self.module)
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in loadTestsFromNames
suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in <listcomp>
suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 96, in loadTestsFromName
module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from nose.core import collector, main, run, run_exit, runmodule
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\core.py", line 143
print "%s version %s" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), __version__)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
好的，因此Python 3.3版本的Nose包含Python 3.3的无效语法？
print＆＃34;％s版本％s＆＃34; ％（os.path.basename（sys.argv [0]），版本）...
肯定会有围绕它的括号...这让我怀疑鼻子是否真的可以在这里工作，因为它显然是为早期版本的Python做的。
答案 0 :(得分：5)
在您提到的评论中xx viewproject < answers.txt > output.txt有效，但您无法使用它，因为答案取决于子流程的输出。
通常pexpect - 可以使用类似winpexpect（适用于Windows）的模块。类似的东西：
import re
import sys
from functools import partial
from winpexpect import EOF, winspawn as spawn
p = spawn('xx viewproject')
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = ['the project:', re.escape('? [ynYN](n)'), EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 2): # until EOF
if found == 0:
p.sendline(project_name)
elif found == 1:
filename = get_filename_from_prompt(p.before) # a regex could be used
answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'no') # a dict
p.sendline(answer)
如果提示以换行符终止（并且子进程不缓冲它们）;您可以直接使用subprocess模块逐行阅读：
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE,
universal_newlines=True) as p:
for line in p.stdout:
if line.startswith("Please enter the name of the project"):
answer = project_name
elif line.startswith("Would you like to recurse into the subproject"):
filename = get_filename_from_prompt(line) # a regex could be used
answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'n') # a dict
else:
continue # skip it
print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
p.stdin.flush()
要测试您是否可以使用xx
subprocess中读取内容
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], bufsize=0,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT) as p:
print(repr(p.stdout.read(1)))
答案 1 :(得分：3)
是的，首先，您可以通过以下方式创建子流程作为对象：
p = subprocess.Popen('xx viewproject', shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
然后你会有像communicate()这样的方法，例如：
newline = os.linesep # [1]
commands = ['y', 'n', 'y', 'n', 'y']
p.communicate( newline.join( commands))
1 - os.linesep
每次都会依赖相同的问题顺序，立即发送所有答案（希望这已经足够了）。
您也可以尝试解析p.stdout然后写入p.stdin，但是当一个缓冲区在等待另一个缓冲区时会变满，这可能会导致死锁，所以要小心。幸运的是谷歌上有some complex examples。
简单版本将是：
p = Popen(...)
line = p.stdout.readline() # At this point, if child process will wait for stdin
# you have a deadlock on your hands
parse_line( line)
p.stdin.write( newline.join( commands).encode( 'utf-8'))
我也会考虑重写：
p = subprocess.Popen('si viewproject --project=d:/Projects/test.pj', shell=True,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
要：
p = subprocess.Popen( ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=d:/Projects/test.pj'],
shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
除非您明确需要Shell调用。