我正在尝试模仿matlab加载并保存函数。我正在关注这个主题:Shelve Code gives KeyError
很聪明。但是,如果我在单独的模块中编写该代码,并尝试导入该模块并撤销该函数,则无法获取全局变量。
具体来说,我写了一个happy.py并且里面有函数:
def save(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
if globals_ is None:
globals_ = globals()
globals()
import shelve
my_shelf = shelve.open(filename, 'n')
for key, value in globals_.items():
if not key.startswith('__'):
try:
my_shelf[key] = value
except Exception:
print('ERROR shelving: "%s"' % key)
else:
print('shelved: "%s"' % key)
my_shelf.close()
def load(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
import shelve
my_shelf = shelve.open(filename)
for key in my_shelf:
globals()[key]=my_shelf[key]
my_shelf.close()
当我尝试
时a = 1
b = 2
happy.save()
它不会给出a和b。
这是因为global()不会给模块外的对象吗?我怎么能做我想做的事呢?
非常感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
您可以使用inspect
查看堆栈。我已经定义的这个愚蠢的(命名不佳的函数)似乎可以很好地从调用命名空间中获取全局变量,尽管我还没有对它进行过广泛的测试。我也不确定它是否适用于不同的python实现。 (我提到这一点是因为inspect.currentframe
函数肯定是依赖于实现的)。它似乎与Cpython一起工作得很好。
import inspect
def save(globals=None):
if globals is None:
frames = inspect.stack()
caller_frame = frames[-1][0]
globals = dict((k,v) for (k,v) in caller_frame.f_globals.items() if not k.startswith('__'))
return globals
if __name__ == "__main__":
a = 1
b = 2
print save()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
将此代码粘贴到控制台时,我的代码没有问题:
>>> def save(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
... import shelve
... globals_ = globals_ or globals()
... my_shelf= shelve.open(filename, 'n')
... for key, value in globals_.items():
... if not key.startswith('__'):
... try:
... my_shelf[key] = value
... except Exception:
... print('ERROR shelving: "%s"' % key)
... else:
... print('shelved: "%s"' % key)
... my_shelf.close()
...
>>> def load(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
... import shelve
... my_shelf = shelve.open(filename)
... for key in my_shelf:
... globals()[key]=my_shelf[key]
... my_shelf.close()
...
>>> a, b = 1, 2
>>> save()
shelved: "load"
shelved: "a"
shelved: "b"
shelved: "save"
然后:
>>> def save(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
... import shelve
... globals_ = globals_ or globals()
... my_shelf= shelve.open(filename, 'n')
... for key, value in globals_.items():
... if not key.startswith('__'):
... try:
... my_shelf[key] = value
... except Exception:
... print('ERROR shelving: "%s"' % key)
... else:
... print('shelved: "%s"' % key)
... my_shelf.close()
...
>>> def load(filename='tmp',globals_=None):
... import shelve
... my_shelf = shelve.open(filename)
... for key in my_shelf:
... globals()[key]=my_shelf[key]
... my_shelf.close()
...
>>> load()
>>> a, b
(1, 2)
但是当你将它用作模块时有点奇怪:
>>> from happy import *
>>> a, b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
>>> load()
>>> a, b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
>>> happy.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'happy' is not defined
>>> from happy import *
>>> a, b
(1, 2)
这里有足够的解决方法吗?
答案 2 :(得分:0)
以下内容将作为一个单独的模块使用:
import shelve
import sys
import types
EXCLUDED_TYPES = set([types.ModuleType]) # everything can't be shelved
def save(filename='tmp', globals_=None):
if globals_ is None:
globals_ = sys._getframe(1).f_globals # caller's globals
my_shelf = shelve.open(filename, 'n')
for key, value in globals_.items():
if not key.startswith('__') and type(value) not in EXCLUDED_TYPES:
try:
my_shelf[key] = value
except Exception as e:
print('ERROR shelving: "%s"' % key, 'Exception:', e)
else:
print('shelved: "%s"' % key)
my_shelf.close()
def load(filename='tmp', globals_=None):
if globals_ is None:
globals_ = sys._getframe(1).f_globals # caller's globals
my_shelf = shelve.open(filename)
for key in my_shelf:
globals_[key]=my_shelf[key]
#print('unshelved: "%s"' % key)
my_shelf.close()
一般来说,我认为创建这样的变量的函数不是一个好主意。另请注意,load()
可能会静默更改调用方命名空间中的现有值。
您无法轻松保存所有全局命名空间,因为除了__main__
之外,还有一个与加载的每个模块相关联的命名空间。如果您真的想这样做,可以通过迭代sys.modules
的内容来实现。