Question

我正在寻找一种使用wordnet查找特定单词的所有同义词的方法。我正在使用JAWS。

例如：

爱（v）：佩服，崇拜，依恋，被迷住，疯狂，被迷恋，被迷住，被迷住，被爱，被爱与，canonize，关心，珍惜，选择，神化，喜悦，dote，自尊，崇高，堕落，幻想，荣耀，去，继续....

爱（n）的 同义词：adulation，亲情，效忠，友好，爱情，爱情，欣赏，ardency，热情，依恋，案例*，珍惜，粉碎，喜悦，虔诚，奉献，情感，魅力，享受，激情，忠诚，火焰，喜爱，友谊，渴望，偶像崇拜，倾向，迷恋，参与

在一个相关的question用户中，Ram已经指出了一些代码，但这还不够，因为它只是提供了截然不同的输出：

爱，激情：任何温暖的爱或热爱的对象，亲爱的，亲爱的，亲爱的，亲爱的，爱：一个心爱的人;用作昵称爱，性爱，色情爱情：性欲和吸引力的深刻感受爱情：网球或壁球得分为零性爱，做爱，做爱，爱，爱生活：两个人之间的性活动（通常包括性交）爱：有很大的感情或喜欢

那么我如何实现它并且wordnet适合我想要做的事情？

Answer 1

坚持只使用WordNet，你可以尝试使用语义相似性来确定两个单词（synsets）是否足够相似而不是同义词。以下是在semantic similarity using WordNet上修改我的另一个答案时的快速示例。

但确实存在问题：

反义词与同义词混合使用
慢！（因为它必须检查所有~117k同义词）

尽管如此，它产生的同义词比单独使用lemma_names产生更多的同义词，所以我把它留在这里以防它可能有用（或许与其他东西一起）。

>>> from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
>>> def syn(word, lch_threshold=2.26):
    for net1 in wn.synsets(word):
        for net2 in wn.all_synsets():
            try:
                lch = net1.lch_similarity(net2)
            except:
                continue
            # The value to compare the LCH to was found empirically.
            # (The value is very application dependent. Experiment!)
            if lch >= lch_threshold:
                yield (net1, net2, lch)


>>> for x in syn('love'):
    print x

以上代码输出：

(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('feeling.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('conditioned_emotional_response.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('emotion.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('worship.n.02'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('anger.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('fear.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('fear.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('anxiety.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('joy.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('love.n.01'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('agape.n.02'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('agape.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('filial_love.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('ardor.n.02'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('amorousness.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('puppy_love.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('devotion.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('benevolence.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('beneficence.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('heartstrings.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('lovingness.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('warmheartedness.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('loyalty.n.02'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('hate.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.01'), Synset('emotional_state.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('content.n.05'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('object.n.04'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('antipathy.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('bugbear.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('execration.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('center.n.06'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('hallucination.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('infatuation.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.02'), Synset('love.n.02'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('person.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('lover.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('admirer.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('beloved.n.01'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('betrothed.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('boyfriend.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('darling.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('girlfriend.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('idolizer.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('inamorata.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('inamorato.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('kisser.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('necker.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('petter.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('romeo.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('soul_mate.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('squeeze.n.04'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('beloved.n.01'), Synset('sweetheart.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('desire.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('sexual_desire.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('love.n.04'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('aphrodisia.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('anaphrodisia.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('passion.n.05'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('sensuality.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('amorousness.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('fetish.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('libido.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('lecherousness.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('nymphomania.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('satyriasis.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.04'), Synset('the_hots.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('bowling_score.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('football_score.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('baseball_score.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('basketball_score.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('number.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('score.n.03'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('stroke.n.06'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('birdie.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('bogey.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('deficit.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('double-bogey.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('duck.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('eagle.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('double_eagle.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('game.n.06'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('lead.n.07'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('love.n.05'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('match.n.05'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('love.n.05'), Synset('par.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('bondage.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('outercourse.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('safe_sex.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('sexual_activity.n.01'), 2.9444389791664407)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('conception.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('sexual_intercourse.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('pleasure.n.05'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), 3.6375861597263857)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('carnal_abuse.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('coupling.n.03'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('reproduction.n.05'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('foreplay.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('perversion.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('autoeroticism.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('promiscuity.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('lechery.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('homosexuality.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('bisexuality.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('heterosexuality.n.01'), 2.538973871058276)
(Synset('sexual_love.n.02'), Synset('bestiality.n.02'), 2.538973871058276)
# ...

Answer 2

首先我们要问“什么是同义词？”，“可以从表面/根词中查询同义词吗？”。

在WordNet中，您在此术语下使用代表相同概念的类似单词调用Synset而不是表面单词级别。

要在示例的覆盖范围内获取synset的同义词，您需要的不仅仅是wordnet，可能需要一些语义相似性方法来提取其他单词。

我不能给你一个JAWS解释我的意思，但是来自WordNet的NLTK界面中的python。您可以看到WN不足以满足您的需求。

from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
for ss in wn.synsets('love'): # Each synset represents a diff concept.
  print ss.definition
  print ss.lemma_names
  print

以上输出代码：

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection
['love']

any object of warm affection or devotion; 
['love', 'passion']

a beloved person; used as terms of endearment
['beloved', 'dear', 'dearest', 'honey', 'love']

a deep feeling of sexual desire and attraction
['love', 'sexual_love', 'erotic_love']

a score of zero in tennis or squash
['love']

sexual activities (often including sexual intercourse) between two people
['sexual_love', 'lovemaking', 'making_love', 'love', 'love_life']

have a great affection or liking for
['love']

get pleasure from
['love', 'enjoy']

be enamored or in love with
['love']

have sexual intercourse with
['sleep_together', 'roll_in_the_hay', 'love', 'make_out', 'make_love', 'sleep_with', 'get_laid', 'have_sex', 'know', 'do_it', 'be_intimate', 'have_intercourse', 'have_it_away', 'have_it_off', 'screw', 'fuck', 'jazz', 'eff', 'hump', 'lie_with', 'bed', 'have_a_go_at_it', 'bang', 'get_it_on', 'bonk']

Answer 3

如何使用 RitaWN 代替 JAWS ？我看到它被列为http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet/related-projects/#Java中可用的API之一我也看到它有getAllSynonyms()方法，它们提供了一个例子并且有效。

检查出来：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

import rita.*;

public class Synonyms {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    // Would pass in a PApplet normally, but we don't need to here
    RiWordNet wordnet = new RiWordNet("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\WordNet\\2.1");

    // Get a random noun
    String word = "love";//wordnet.getRandomWord("n");
    // Get max 15 synonyms
    String[] synonyms = wordnet.getAllSynonyms(word, "v");

    System.out.println("Random noun: " + word);
    if (synonyms != null) {
        // Sort alphabetically
        Arrays.sort(synonyms);
        for (int i = 0; i < synonyms.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("Synonym " + i + ": " + synonyms[i]);
        }
    } else {
        System.out.println("No synyonyms!");
    }
}

确保从http://www.rednoise.org/rita/wordnet-old/documentation/index.htm

获取最新的下载和文档

Answer 4

我查看了RiWordNet (RiTa) code（请参阅getAllSynonyms方法）并发现它通过为您提供同义词的所有词条， hyponyms ，类似于，也会看到，坐标名称。我没有包含坐标名称，但添加了反义词。此外，我在我的数据中添加了synset名称和“同义词类型”，以便我可以使用其他Wordnet数据，如definition and/or examples。这是我在python中的代码和输出：

'''Synonym generator using NLTK WordNet Interface: http://www.nltk.org/howto/wordnet.html 'ss': synset 'hyp': hyponym 'sim': similar to 'ant': antonym 'also' also see ''' from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn def get_all_synsets(word, pos=None): for ss in wn.synsets(word): for lemma in ss.lemma_names(): yield (lemma, ss.name()) def get_all_hyponyms(word, pos=None): for ss in wn.synsets(word, pos=pos): for hyp in ss.hyponyms(): for lemma in hyp.lemma_names(): yield (lemma, hyp.name()) def get_all_similar_tos(word, pos=None): for ss in wn.synsets(word): for sim in ss.similar_tos(): for lemma in sim.lemma_names(): yield (lemma, sim.name()) def get_all_antonyms(word, pos=None): for ss in wn.synsets(word, pos=None): for sslema in ss.lemmas(): for antlemma in sslema.antonyms(): yield (antlemma.name(), antlemma.synset().name()) def get_all_also_sees(word, pos=None): for ss in wn.synsets(word): for also in ss.also_sees(): for lemma in also.lemma_names(): yield (lemma, also.name()) def get_all_synonyms(word, pos=None): for x in get_all_synsets(word, pos): yield (x[0], x[1], 'ss') for x in get_all_hyponyms(word, pos): yield (x[0], x[1], 'hyp') for x in get_all_similar_tos(word, pos): yield (x[0], x[1], 'sim') for x in get_all_antonyms(word, pos): yield (x[0], x[1], 'ant') for x in get_all_also_sees(word, pos): yield (x[0], x[1], 'also') for x in get_all_synonyms('love'): print x

'爱'和'勇敢'的输出：

<强>爱

(u'love', u'love.n.01', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.n.02', 'ss') (u'passion', u'love.n.02', 'ss') (u'beloved', u'beloved.n.01', 'ss') (u'dear', u'beloved.n.01', 'ss') (u'dearest', u'beloved.n.01', 'ss') (u'honey', u'beloved.n.01', 'ss') (u'love', u'beloved.n.01', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.n.04', 'ss') (u'sexual_love', u'love.n.04', 'ss') (u'erotic_love', u'love.n.04', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.n.05', 'ss') (u'sexual_love', u'sexual_love.n.02', 'ss') (u'lovemaking', u'sexual_love.n.02', 'ss') (u'making_love', u'sexual_love.n.02', 'ss') (u'love', u'sexual_love.n.02', 'ss') (u'love_life', u'sexual_love.n.02', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.v.01', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.v.02', 'ss') (u'enjoy', u'love.v.02', 'ss') (u'love', u'love.v.03', 'ss') (u'sleep_together', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'roll_in_the_hay', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'love', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'make_out', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'make_love', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'sleep_with', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'get_laid', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'have_sex', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'know', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'do_it', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'be_intimate', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'have_intercourse', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'have_it_away', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'have_it_off', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'screw', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'fuck', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'jazz', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'eff', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'hump', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'lie_with', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'bed', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'have_a_go_at_it', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'bang', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'get_it_on', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'bonk', u'sleep_together.v.01', 'ss') (u'agape', u'agape.n.01', 'hyp') (u'agape', u'agape.n.02', 'hyp') (u'agape_love', u'agape.n.02', 'hyp') (u'amorousness', u'amorousness.n.01', 'hyp') (u'enamoredness', u'amorousness.n.01', 'hyp') (u'ardor', u'ardor.n.02', 'hyp') (u'ardour', u'ardor.n.02', 'hyp') (u'benevolence', u'benevolence.n.01', 'hyp') (u'devotion', u'devotion.n.01', 'hyp') (u'devotedness', u'devotion.n.01', 'hyp') (u'filial_love', u'filial_love.n.01', 'hyp') (u'heartstrings', u'heartstrings.n.01', 'hyp') (u'lovingness', u'lovingness.n.01', 'hyp') (u'caring', u'lovingness.n.01', 'hyp') (u'loyalty', u'loyalty.n.02', 'hyp') (u'puppy_love', u'puppy_love.n.01', 'hyp') (u'calf_love', u'puppy_love.n.01', 'hyp') (u'crush', u'puppy_love.n.01', 'hyp') (u'infatuation', u'puppy_love.n.01', 'hyp') (u'worship', u'worship.n.02', 'hyp') (u'adoration', u'worship.n.02', 'hyp') (u'adore', u'adore.v.01', 'hyp') (u'care_for', u'care_for.v.02', 'hyp') (u'cherish', u'care_for.v.02', 'hyp') (u'hold_dear', u'care_for.v.02', 'hyp') (u'treasure', u'care_for.v.02', 'hyp') (u'dote', u'dote.v.02', 'hyp') (u'love', u'love.v.03', 'hyp') (u'get_off', u'get_off.v.06', 'hyp') (u'romance', u'romance.v.02', 'hyp') (u'fornicate', u'fornicate.v.01', 'hyp') (u'take', u'take.v.35', 'hyp') (u'have', u'take.v.35', 'hyp') (u'hate', u'hate.n.01', 'ant') (u'hate', u'hate.v.01', 'ant')

<强>勇敢

(u'brave', u'brave.n.01', 'ss') (u'brave', u'brave.n.02', 'ss') (u'weather', u'weather.v.01', 'ss') (u'endure', u'weather.v.01', 'ss') (u'brave', u'weather.v.01', 'ss') (u'brave_out', u'weather.v.01', 'ss') (u'brave', u'brave.a.01', 'ss') (u'courageous', u'brave.a.01', 'ss') (u'audacious', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'brave', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'dauntless', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'fearless', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'hardy', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'intrepid', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'unfearing', u'audacious.s.01', 'ss') (u'brave', u'brave.s.03', 'ss') (u'braw', u'brave.s.03', 'ss') (u'gay', u'brave.s.03', 'ss') (u'desperate', u'desperate.s.04', 'sim') (u'heroic', u'desperate.s.04', 'sim') (u'gallant', u'gallant.s.01', 'sim') (u'game', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'gamy', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'gamey', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'gritty', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'mettlesome', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'spirited', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'spunky', u'game.s.02', 'sim') (u'lionhearted', u'lionhearted.s.01', 'sim') (u'stalwart', u'stalwart.s.03', 'sim') (u'stouthearted', u'stalwart.s.03', 'sim') (u'undaunted', u'undaunted.s.02', 'sim') (u'valiant', u'valiant.s.01', 'sim') (u'valorous', u'valiant.s.01', 'sim') (u'bold', u'bold.a.01', 'sim') (u'colorful', u'colorful.a.02', 'sim') (u'colourful', u'colorful.a.02', 'sim') (u'timid', u'timid.n.01', 'ant') (u'cowardly', u'cowardly.a.01', 'ant') (u'adventurous', u'adventurous.a.01', 'also') (u'adventuresome', u'adventurous.a.01', 'also') (u'bold', u'bold.a.01', 'also') (u'resolute', u'resolute.a.01', 'also') (u'unafraid', u'unafraid.a.01', 'also') (u'fearless', u'unafraid.a.01', 'also')

Wordnet查找同义词

4 个答案: