Question

我正在尝试为Articulate电子教学课程（imsmanifest.xml）解析XML清单文件。

下面提供了XML结构的摘录（我正在尝试深入研究adlcp：masteryscore）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<manifest xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2 imscp_rootv1p1p2.xsd http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2 adlcp_rootv1p2.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:adlcp="http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2" xmlns="http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2" version="1.0" identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3">
    <metadata/>
    <organizations default="Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG">
      <organization identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG">
        <title>Electrical Design - Part 3</title>
        <item identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3_SCO" identifierref="Articulate_Presenter_RES" isvisible="true">
          <title>Electrical Design - Part 3</title>
          <adlcp:masteryscore>65</adlcp:masteryscore>
        </item>
      </organization>
    </organizations>
    <resources/>
</manifest>

我尝试过使用XML :: Simple和XML :: LibXML。我可以使用更简单的XML文件使这些模块正常工作，但不是我实际需要解析的清单文件。

以下代码显示了我尝试使用XML :: LibXML深入查看标题标记：

use XML::LibXML;
$filename = "imsmanifest.xml";
$parser = XML::LibXML->new();
$xmldoc = $parser->parse_file($filename);

for my $sample ($xmldoc->findnodes('/manifest/organizations/organization/item/title')) {
    for my $property ($sample->findnodes('./*')) {
        print $property->nodeName(), ": ", $property->textContent(), "\n";
    }
    print "\n"; 
};

如何处理adlcp中的冒号：masteryscore标签？每当我尝试使用它时，我都会收到错误 - 但也许我做得不对。

有人可以告诉我正确的方法来深入研究adlcp：masteryscore吗？

非常感谢。

Answer 1

您要求在null命名空间中找到名为manifest的元素，但是您需要manifest命名空间中名为http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2的元素。

修正：

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::LibXML               qw( );
use XML::LibXML::XPathContext qw( );

my $xml_qfn = 'imsmanifest.xml';

my $parser = XML::LibXML->new( no_network => 1 );
my $doc = $parser->parse_file($xml_qfn);

my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new();
$xpc->registerNs( a => "http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2" );
$xpc->registerNs( i => "http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2" );

for my $item ($xpc->findnodes('/i:manifest/i:organizations/i:organization/i:item', $doc)) {
    my $title   = $xpc->find('i:title/text()', $item);
    my $mastery = $xpc->find('a:masteryscore/text()', $item);
    print "$title: $mastery\n"; 
}

注意：在XPath（a和i）中使用的实际前缀选择是任意的。您可以选择所需的任何内容，就像编写XML文档一样。

注意：我添加了no_network => 1以防止每次解析XML文档时libxml都会获取DTD。

Answer 2

第一步，修复你的例子，使其正确形成xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:adlcp="http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2" xmlns="http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2 imscp_rootv1p1p2.xsd http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2 adlcp_rootv1p2.xsd" version="1.0" identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3">
    <metadata>
    <organizations default="Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG">
      <organization identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG">
        <title>Electrical Design - Part 3</title>
        <item identifier="Electrical_Design_Part_3_SCO" identifierref="Articulate_Presenter_RES" isvisible="true">
          <title>Electrical Design - Part 3</title>
          <adlcp:masteryscore>65</adlcp:masteryscore>
        </item>
      </organization>
    </organizations>
    <resources/>
</metadata>
</manifest>

启动perl调试器

DB<2> use XML::Simple

  DB<3> $x=XMLin("example.xml")

  DB<4> x $x
0  HASH(0x2733c48)
   'identifier' => 'Electrical_Design_Part_3'
   'metadata' => HASH(0x2733828)
      'organizations' => HASH(0x2733288)
         'default' => 'Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG'
         'organization' => HASH(0x272d7e8)
            'identifier' => 'Electrical_Design_Part_3_ORG'
            'item' => HASH(0x27285f8)
               'adlcp:masteryscore' => 65
               'identifier' => 'Electrical_Design_Part_3_SCO'
               'identifierref' => 'Articulate_Presenter_RES'
               'isvisible' => 'true'
               'title' => 'Electrical Design - Part 3'
            'title' => 'Electrical Design - Part 3'
      'resources' => HASH(0x27333d8)
           empty hash
   'version' => 1.0
   'xmlns' => 'http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2'
   'xmlns:adlcp' => 'http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2'
   'xmlns:xsi' => 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'
   'xsi:schemaLocation' => 'http://www.imsproject.org/xsd/imscp_rootv1p1p2 imscp_rootv1p1p2.xsd http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_rootv1p2 adlcp_rootv1p2.xsd'

  DB<6> x keys %$x
0  'xmlns'
1  'xmlns:xsi'
2  'identifier'
3  'version'
4  'metadata'
5  'xsi:schemaLocation'
6  'xmlns:adlcp'
  DB<9> x keys %{$x->{metadata}}
0  'resources'
1  'organizations'
  DB<10> x keys %{$x->{metadata}{organizations}}
0  'default'
1  'organization'
  DB<11> x keys %{$x->{metadata}{organizations}{organizations}
Missing right curly or square bracket at (eval 22)[/usr/share/perl/5.14/perl5db.pl:640] line 4, at end of line
syntax error at (eval 22)[/usr/share/perl/5.14/perl5db.pl:640] line 4, at EOF
  DB<12> x keys %{$x->{metadata}{organizations}{organizations}}
  empty array
  DB<13> x keys %{$x->{metadata}{organizations}{organization}}
0  'identifier'
1  'item'
2  'title'
  DB<14> x keys %{$x->{metadata}{organizations}{organization}{item}}
0  'identifier'
1  'identifierref'
2  'isvisible'
3  'title'
4  'adlcp:masteryscore'
  DB<19> x $x->{metadata}{organizations}{organization}{item}{'adlcp:masteryscore'}
0  65
  DB<20>

所以你要做的就是

use XML::Simple;
$x=XMLIN("example.xml");
print $x->{metadata}{organizations}{organization}{item}{'adlcp:masteryscore'};

希望这有帮助

Answer 3

xml无效，您需要关闭标签元数据和资源

之后，XML :: Simple将使用此代码

#!/usr/bin/env perl 

use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Simple;
use Data::Dumper;


use XML::Simple qw(:strict);

my $ref = XMLin('test.xml',ForceArray => [], KeyAttr => {});
print STDERR Dumper $ref;

使用Perl解析XML文件的麻烦

3 个答案: