我们面临的问题是，不同的用户组应能够从公共数据目录中读取和写入文件（例如c：\ ProgramData \ xyz）。
数据来自不同的来源，例如服务将文件写入其中，用户以后可以更改其内容。
现在的问题是，只有在允许“每个人”进行读/写/更改时，这才有效 该目录中的文件（和子目录）。
我想在安装程序中检查是否允许所有用户也这样做。检查“每个用户”组（或德语中的“Jeder”组）是否在访问列表中。 我只有关于ACL的基本知识，可以在资源管理器中进行更改，但我需要几行代码才能将我推向正确的方向（在Delphi中）。
非常感谢 麦克答案 0 :(得分：1)
我认为它不是Delphi而是WinAPI问题。德尔福没有任何特殊的设施来使AFAIK变得更容易。
Getting information from an ACL表示您需要在打开的句柄上执行GetSecurityInfo，然后在您获得的ACL上执行GetEffectiveRightsFromACL。
您指定trustee，可以按名称，但最好使用SID。名称为＆＃34;每个人＆＃34;可以更改，但它有一个特殊的SID，它在任何PC上都有效，谷歌。好的，这是：＆＃34;（S-1-1-0）＆＃34;。或者您可以使用CreateWellKnownSid并为其WinWorldSid提供相同的SID（更合适但更长的方式）。
所有这一切都来自五分钟的谷歌搜索，所以要注意错误。
好的，这里有一些代码。
function ConvertStringSidToSid(StringSid: PWideChar; var Sid: PSID): boolean; stdcall; external advapi32 name 'ConvertStringSidToSidW';
function AclGetEffectiveRights(const path, sid: string): cardinal;
var h: THandle; //handle to our directory
err: integer;
dacl: PACL; //access control list for the object
secdesc: pointer;
tr: TRUSTEE;
bsid: PSid;
begin
Result := 0;
//Open directory
h := CreateFile(PChar(path), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nil,
OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL or FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0);
//we need FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS to open a directory
if h=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then RaiseLastOsError();
try
bsid := nil;
//Query access control list for a directory -- the list you see in the properties box
err := GetSecurityInfo(h, SE_FILE_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
nil, nil, @dacl, nil, secdesc);
//GetSecurityInfo can return many things but we only need DACL,
//and we are required to also get a security descriptor
if err<>ERROR_SUCCESS then
raise Exception.CreateFmt('Cannot retrieve DACL: error %d',[err]);
try
//Convert string sid to binary sid
if not ConvertStringSidToSid(PChar(sid), bsid) then
RaiseLastOsError();
//Query effective rights for a trustee
BuildTrusteeWithSid(@tr, bsid);
err := GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl(dacl^, tr, Result);
if err<>ERROR_SUCCESS then
raise Exception.CreateFmt('Cannot calculate effective rights: error %d',[err]);
finally
//Documentation says to free some resources this way when we're done with it.
LocalFree(NativeUint(bsid));
LocalFree(NativeUint(secdesc));
end;
finally
CloseHandle(h);
end;
end;
它的使用方式如下：
var rights,test: cardinal;
rights := AclGetEffectiveRights('C:\My\Folder','S-1-1-0');
//List rights you want tested
test := FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY + FILE_ADD_FILE + FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY
+ FILE_READ_EA + FILE_WRITE_EA + FILE_TRAVERSE + FILE_DELETE_CHILD;
Result := (rights and test) = test;
可能不起作用;在我的电脑上提供ACCESS_DENIED，但这可能是因为我的complicated domain situation。无论如何，这是一个开始的事情。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
所以..上面的版本一直有效...直到Windows Update 1903击中我，并且GetEffectiveRightsFromAcl始终导致错误ERROR_NO_SUCH_DOMAIN（这是晦涩的，因为这里不涉及任何域）。 所以我需要切换到以下过程：
// ###########################################
// ### translated and extended from https://docs.microsoft.com/de-de/windows/win32/api/aclapi/nf-aclapi-geteffectiverightsfromacla
procedure DisplayAccessMask(Mask : ACCESS_MASK );
begin
{
// This evaluation of the ACCESS_MASK is an example.
// Applications should evaluate the ACCESS_MASK as necessary.
}
if (((Mask and GENERIC_ALL) = GENERIC_ALL)
or ((Mask and FILE_ALL_ACCESS) = FILE_ALL_ACCESS))
then
begin
OutputDebugString( 'Full control');
exit;
end;
if (((Mask and GENERIC_READ) = GENERIC_READ)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_READ) = FILE_GENERIC_READ))
then
OutputDebugString( 'Read');
if (((Mask and GENERIC_WRITE) = GENERIC_WRITE)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_WRITE) = FILE_GENERIC_WRITE))
then
OutputDebugString('Write');
if (((Mask and GENERIC_EXECUTE) = GENERIC_EXECUTE)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE) = FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE))
then
OutputDebugString('Execute');
end;
function CheckMask( MASK : ACCESS_MASK; refMask : ACCESS_MASK ) : boolean;
var msk : ACCESS_MASK;
begin
msk := 0;
if (((Mask and GENERIC_READ) = GENERIC_READ)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_READ) = FILE_GENERIC_READ))
then
msk := msk or FILE_GENERIC_READ;
if (((Mask and GENERIC_WRITE) = GENERIC_WRITE)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_WRITE) = FILE_GENERIC_WRITE))
then
msk := msk or FILE_GENERIC_WRITE;
if (((Mask and GENERIC_EXECUTE) = GENERIC_EXECUTE)
or ((Mask and FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE) = FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE))
then
msk := msk or FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE;
Result := (msk and refMask) = refMask;
end;
function GetAccess(hAuthzClient :AUTHZ_CLIENT_CONTEXT_HANDLE; psd : PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR) : BOOL;
var AccessRequest : AUTHZ_ACCESS_REQUEST;
AccessReply : AUTHZ_ACCESS_REPLY;
buffer : Array[0..1023] of Byte;
begin
FillChar(AccessRequest, sizeof(AccessRequest), 0);
FillChar(AccessReply, sizeof(AccessReply), 0);
FillChar(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
AccessRequest.DesiredAccess := MAXIMUM_ALLOWED;
AccessRequest.PrincipalSelfSid := nil;
AccessRequest.ObjectTypeList := nil;
AccessRequest.ObjectTypeListLength := 0;
AccessRequest.OptionalArguments := nil;
AccessReply.ResultListLength := 1;
AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask := PACCESS_MASK( LongWord(@Buffer[0]));
AccessReply.Error := PDWORD( LongWord( AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask ) + sizeof(Access_Mask));
Result := AuthzAccessCheck( 0,
hAuthzClient,
@AccessRequest,
0,
psd,
nil,
0,
@AccessReply,
nil);
if Result then
begin
DisplayAccessMask( AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask^ );
Result := CheckMask( AccessReply.GrantedAccessMask^, FILE_GENERIC_WRITE or FILE_GENERIC_READ );
end
else
RaiseLastOSError;
end;
function ConvertStringSidToSid(StringSid: PWideChar; var Sid: PSID): boolean; stdcall; external advapi32 name 'ConvertStringSidToSidW';
function ConvertNameToBinarySid(pAccountName : PCHAR): PSID ;
var pDomainName : PChar;
dwDomainNameSize : DWord;
aSID : PSID;
dwSIDSIZE : DWORD;
sidType : SID_NAME_USE;
begin
pDomainName := nil;
dwDomainNameSize := 0;
aSID := nil;
LookupAccountName( nil, pAccountName, aSID, dwSIDSIZE, pDomainName, dwDomainNameSize, sidType);
aSid := Pointer( LocalAlloc( LPTR, dwSIDSIZE*sizeof(char)) );
pDomainName := Pointer( LocalAlloc(LPTR, dwDomainNameSize*sizeof(char)) );
if not LookupAccountName( nil, pAccountName, aSID, dwSIDSIZE, pDomainName, dwDomainNameSize, sidType) then
begin
LocalFree( Cardinal(aSID) );
Result := nil;
end
else
begin
Result := aSid;
end;
LocalFree( Cardinal(pDomainName) );
end;
function GetEffectiveRightsForSID(hManager :AUTHZ_RESOURCE_MANAGER_HANDLE;
psd : PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR;
sid : PChar) : BOOL;
var asid : PSID;
bResult : BOOL;
unusedID : LUID;
hAuthzClientContext : AUTHZ_CLIENT_CONTEXT_HANDLE;
begin
Result := False;
asid := nil;
hAuthzClientContext := 0;
FillChar(unusedID, sizeof(unusedID), 0);
if not ConvertStringSidToSid(sid, asid) then
RaiseLastOsError();
// asid := ConvertNameToBinarySid('rabatscher');
if asid = nil then
RaiseLastOSError;
try
if asid <> nil then
begin
bResult := AuthzInitializeContextFromSid( 0, aSid, hManager, nil, unusedId, nil, @hAuthzClientContext );
try
if bResult then
Result := GetAccess(hAuthzClientContext, psd);
finally
if hAuthzClientContext <> 0 then
AuthzFreeContext(hAuthzClientContext);
end;
end;
finally
if asid <> nil then
LocalFree(LongWord(asid));
end;
end;
function UseAuthzSolution( psd : PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR; const sid : string = 'S-1-1-0') : boolean;
var hManager : AUTHZ_RESOURCE_MANAGER_HANDLE;
bResult : BOOL;
pSid : PChar;
begin
bResult := AuthzInitializeResourceManager(AUTHZ_RM_FLAG_NO_AUDIT,
nil, nil, nil, nil, @hManager);
if bResult then
begin
pSid := PChar(sid);
bResult := GetEffectiveRightsForSID(hManager, psd, psid);
AuthzFreeResourceManager(hManager);
end;
Result := bResult;
end;
function GetSecurityInfo(handle: THandle; ObjectType: SE_OBJECT_TYPE;
SecurityInfo: SECURITY_INFORMATION; ppsidOwner, ppsidGroup: PPSID; ppDacl, ppSacl: PACL;
var pSecurityDescriptor: PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR): DWORD; stdcall; external 'ADVAPI32.DLL' name 'GetSecurityInfo'; {use localfree to release ppSecurityDescriptor}
function CheckDirectoryAccess( path : string ) : boolean;
var dw : DWORD;
apacl : PACL;
psd : PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR;
apSID : PSID;
h : THandle;
begin
try
apSID := nil;
//Open directory
h := CreateFile(PChar(path), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nil,
OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL or FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0);
//we need FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS to open a directory
if h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
RaiseLastOsError();
try
//Query access control list for a directory -- the list you see in the properties box
dw := GetSecurityInfo(h, SE_FILE_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION or OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION or GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
nil, nil, @apacl, nil, psd);
if dw <> ERROR_SUCCESS then
RaiseLastOSError;
try
Result := UseAuthzSolution(psd);
finally
if apSID <> nil then
LocalFree(NativeUint(apSID));
LocalFree(NativeUint(psd));
end;
finally
CloseHandle(h);
end;
except
on E : Exception do
begin
Result := False;
end;
end;
end;
请注意，进行了一些更改，因此该过程有效： GetSecurityInfo（来自上述过程）需要参数DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION或OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION或GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION（不仅是DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION），否则您在AuthzAccessCheck中会收到错误87！
此外，您需要从jedi库中检出JWA标头。
希望也能帮助其他人。