我有这段代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
double get_time()
{
struct timeval t;
struct timezone tzp;
gettimeofday(&t, &tzp);
return t.tv_sec + t.tv_usec*1e-6;
}
#define LL_APPEND(what, where, type) { \
what->next = NULL; \
what->prev = NULL; \
if(!where) { \
where = what; \
} else { \
type current = where; \
while(current->next != NULL) \
current = current->next; \
current->next = what; \
what->prev = current; \
} \
}
struct edge {
struct node *from;
struct node *to;
char *label;
};
struct edge_list {
struct edge *edge;
struct edge_list *prev;
struct edge_list *next;
};
struct graph {
struct node_list *nodes;
struct edge_list *edges;
int nodes_count;
int edges_count;
};
struct node {
char *name;
struct edge_list *in;
struct edge_list *out;
struct graph *graph;
};
struct node_list {
struct node *node;
struct node_list *prev;
struct node_list *next;
};
struct graph *graph_create_empty() {
struct graph *graph = malloc(sizeof(struct graph));
graph->nodes = NULL;
graph->edges = NULL;
graph->nodes_count = 0;
graph->edges_count = 0;
return graph;
}
void edge_destroy(struct edge *edge) {
free(edge->label);
free(edge);
}
void node_destroy(struct node *node) {
struct edge_list *tmp_edge, *edge;
edge = node->in;
while(edge != NULL) {
tmp_edge = edge;
edge = edge->next;
free(tmp_edge);
}
edge = node->out;
while(edge != NULL) {
tmp_edge = edge;
edge = edge->next;
free(tmp_edge);
}
free(node->name);
free(node);
}
void graph_destroy(struct graph *graph) {
struct edge_list *tmp_edge, *edge;
edge = graph->edges;
while(edge != NULL) {
tmp_edge = edge;
edge = edge->next;
edge_destroy(tmp_edge->edge);
free(tmp_edge);
}
struct node_list *tmp_node, *node;
node = graph->nodes;
while(node != NULL) {
tmp_node = node;
node = node->next;
node_destroy(tmp_node->node);
free(tmp_node);
}
free(graph);
}
void graph_add_edge(struct graph *graph, struct edge *edge) {
struct edge_list *new_edge = malloc(sizeof(struct edge_list));
new_edge->edge = edge;
LL_APPEND(new_edge, graph->edges, struct edge_list *);
graph->edges_count++;
}
void graph_add_node(struct graph *graph, struct node *node) {
node->graph = graph;
struct node_list *new_node = malloc(sizeof(struct node_list));
new_node->node = node;
LL_APPEND(new_node, graph->nodes, struct node_list *);
graph->nodes_count++;
}
struct node *node_create(const char *name, struct graph *graph) {
struct node *node = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
node->name = malloc(strlen(name)+1);
strcpy(node->name, name);
node->in = NULL;
node->out = NULL;
if(graph)
graph_add_node(graph, node);
return node;
}
void node_add_edge(struct node *node, struct edge *edge) {
struct edge_list *new_edge = malloc(sizeof(struct edge_list));
if(node == edge->to) {
LL_APPEND(new_edge, node->out, struct edge_list *);
} else {
LL_APPEND(new_edge, node->in, struct edge_list *);
}
}
void node_connect(const char *label, struct node *from, struct node *to) {
if(from->graph != to->graph || from->graph == NULL)
return;
struct edge *edge = malloc(sizeof(struct edge));
edge->label = malloc(strlen(label)+1);
strcpy(edge->label, label);
edge->from = from;
edge->to = to;
graph_add_edge(from->graph, edge);
node_add_edge(from, edge);
node_add_edge(to, edge);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
double start = get_time();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
struct graph *graph = graph_create_empty();
// Create the nodes
struct node *useful_demand_heat = node_create("useful_demand_heat", graph);
struct node *useful_demand_elec = node_create("useful_demand_elec", graph);
struct node *space_heater_coal = node_create("space_heater_coal", graph);
struct node *space_heater_gas = node_create("space_heater_gas", graph);
struct node *space_heater_oil = node_create("space_heater_oil", graph);
struct node *space_heater_chp = node_create("space_heater_chp", graph);
struct node *space_heater_elec = node_create("space_heater_elec", graph);
struct node *final_demand_coal = node_create("final_demand_coal", graph);
struct node *final_demand_gas = node_create("final_demand_gas", graph);
struct node *final_demand_oil = node_create("final_demand_oil", graph);
struct node *final_demand_elec = node_create("final_demand_elec", graph);
struct node *lv_network = node_create("lv_network", graph);
struct node *mv_network = node_create("mv_network", graph);
struct node *hv_network = node_create("hv_network", graph);
struct node *coal_plant = node_create("coal_plant", graph);
struct node *elec_import = node_create("elec_import", graph);
// Edges
node_connect("electricity", elec_import, hv_network);
node_connect("electricity", coal_plant, hv_network);
node_connect("electricity", hv_network, mv_network);
node_connect("electricity", mv_network, lv_network);
node_connect("electricity", lv_network, final_demand_elec);
node_connect("electricity", final_demand_elec, space_heater_elec);
node_connect("coal", final_demand_coal, space_heater_coal);
node_connect("gas", final_demand_gas, space_heater_gas);
node_connect("gas", final_demand_gas, space_heater_chp);
node_connect("oil", final_demand_oil, space_heater_oil);
node_connect("heat", space_heater_coal, useful_demand_heat);
node_connect("heat", space_heater_gas, useful_demand_heat);
node_connect("heat", space_heater_oil, useful_demand_heat);
node_connect("heat", space_heater_chp, useful_demand_heat);
node_connect("electricity", space_heater_chp, useful_demand_elec);
node_connect("electricity", space_heater_elec, useful_demand_elec);
graph_destroy(graph);
}
double finish = get_time();
printf("Took %.5f ms to run\n", (finish - start));
}
当我对它运行valgrind时，我收到了这些警告：
==44508== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==44508== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==44508== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==44508== Command: ./graph
==44508==
==44508== WARNING: Support on MacOS 10.8 is experimental and mostly broken.
==44508== WARNING: Expect incorrect results, assertions and crashes.
==44508== WARNING: In particular, Memcheck on 32-bit programs will fail to
==44508== WARNING: detect any errors associated with heap-allocated data.
==44508==
--44508-- ./graph:
--44508-- dSYM directory is missing; consider using --dsymutil=yes
Took 22.74883 ms to run
Done.
==44508==
==44508== HEAP SUMMARY:
==44508== in use at exit: 74,666 bytes in 365 blocks
==44508== total heap usage: 12,900,518 allocs, 12,900,153 frees, 284,078,620 bytes allocated
==44508==
==44508== 16 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 7 of 88
==44508== at 0x54D7: malloc_zone_malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x373381: recursive_mutex_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x372025: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13377: ImageLoaderMachO::doModInitFunctions(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13761: ImageLoaderMachO::doInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC1006D: ImageLoader::recursiveInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, unsigned int, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0FFC3: ImageLoader::recursiveInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, unsigned int, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0FEB9: ImageLoader::runInitializers(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC01F9D: dyld::initializeMainExecutable() (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC05B03: dyld::_main(macho_header const*, unsigned long, int, char const**, char const**, char const**, unsigned long*) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC01396: dyldbootstrap::start(macho_header const*, int, char const**, long, macho_header const*, unsigned long*) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508==
==44508== 32 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 24 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3756EA: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37546C: NXCreateHashTableFromZone (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374788: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37204C: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13377: ImageLoaderMachO::doModInitFunctions(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508==
==44508== 64 bytes in 2 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 36 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3756EA: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x385324: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374E9C: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37204C: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13377: ImageLoaderMachO::doModInitFunctions(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508==
==44508== 64 bytes in 2 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 37 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3756EA: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3757F6: _NXHashRehashToCapacity (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x375748: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x385324: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374E9C: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37204C: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508==
==44508== 64 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 38 of 88
==44508== at 0x54D7: malloc_zone_malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3733CF: recursive_mutex_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x372025: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13377: ImageLoaderMachO::doModInitFunctions(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13761: ImageLoaderMachO::doInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC1006D: ImageLoader::recursiveInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, unsigned int, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0FFC3: ImageLoader::recursiveInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, unsigned int, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0FEB9: ImageLoader::runInitializers(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, ImageLoader::InitializerTimingList&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC01F9D: dyld::initializeMainExecutable() (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC05B03: dyld::_main(macho_header const*, unsigned long, int, char const**, char const**, char const**, unsigned long*) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC01396: dyldbootstrap::start(macho_header const*, int, char const**, long, macho_header const*, unsigned long*) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508==
==44508== 72 (24 direct, 48 indirect) bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 39 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3796D2: _objc_fetch_pthread_data (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x382C4D: _fetchInitializingClassList(signed char) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x379181: _class_initialize (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x379137: _class_initialize (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x379137: _class_initialize (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x379137: _class_initialize (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3790F2: prepareForMethodLookup (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x378EEE: lookUpMethod (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3772FB: objc_msgSend (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x2DEE87: _libxpc_initializer (in /usr/lib/system/libxpc.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB2C: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508==
==44508== 96 bytes in 3 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 43 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3756EA: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x38533D: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3845D0: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374E9C: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37204C: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508==
==44508== 96 bytes in 3 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 44 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3756EA: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3757F6: _NXHashRehashToCapacity (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x375748: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x38533D: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3845D0: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374E9C: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508==
==44508== 120 bytes in 5 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 47 of 88
==44508== at 0x5A95: malloc_zone_calloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x37566D: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3757F6: _NXHashRehashToCapacity (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x375748: NXHashInsert (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x38533D: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3845D0: realizeClass(class_t*) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x374E9C: _read_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739EB: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508==
...
==44508== 8,192 bytes in 8 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 86 of 88
==44508== at 0x54D7: malloc_zone_malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x3745AE: objc::DenseMap<objc_object*, unsigned long, true, objc::DenseMapInfo<objc_object*>, objc::DenseMapInfo<unsigned long> >::init(unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37455A: arr_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3739DF: map_images_nolock (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x3734F3: map_images (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC04936: dyld::notifyBatchPartial(dyld_image_states, bool, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC0467C: dyld::registerImageStateBatchChangeHandler(dyld_image_states, char const* (*)(dyld_image_states, unsigned int, dyld_image_info const*)) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x83ED9: dyld_register_image_state_change_handler (in /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib)
==44508== by 0x37204C: _objc_init (in /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib)
==44508== by 0xBB27: libSystem_initializer (in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13377: ImageLoaderMachO::doModInitFunctions(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508== by 0x7FFF5FC13761: ImageLoaderMachO::doInitialization(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&) (in /usr/lib/dyld)
==44508==
==44508== 10,808 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 87 of 88
==44508== at 0x5237: malloc (in /usr/local/Cellar/valgrind/3.8.1/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-darwin.so)
==44508== by 0x101745: tzsetwall_basic (in /usr/lib/system/libsystem_c.dylib)
==44508== by 0x103043: localtime (in /usr/lib/system/libsystem_c.dylib)
==44508== by 0xFB52C: gettimeofday (in /usr/lib/system/libsystem_c.dylib)
==44508== by 0x1000017A0: main (in ./graph)
==44508==
==44508== LEAK SUMMARY:
==44508== definitely lost: 9,729 bytes in 16 blocks
==44508== indirectly lost: 1,236 bytes in 7 blocks
==44508== possibly lost: 15,749 bytes in 68 blocks
==44508== still reachable: 47,952 bytes in 274 blocks
==44508== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==44508== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==44508== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes
==44508==
==44508== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==44508== ERROR SUMMARY: 22 errors from 22 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
他们没有指向我的代码，但我仍然有泄漏。我应该担心吗？
（还有，任何指针（看我在那里做了什么？），如果我做错了什么或改进我的代码风格，我们非常感激！）
答案 0 :(得分：5)
你正在使用Valgrind的3.8.1，这是最新最好的。支持OSX 10.8的时间不到完整版（3.8.0）和valgrind's news page says：
最初支持MacOSX 10.8，但它无法使用 目前认真工作。
3.8.0版本也Reduced noise (false positive) level on MacOSX 10.6/10.7但10.8没有这样的运气。我强烈建议您查看valgrind download page上的当前版本，您也可以从那里订阅最新版本的通知（这应该会为Mac OSX10.8提供更好的支持）
注意： valgrind 3.7.0增加了对OSX 10.7的支持，因此您可能只需要等待3.9才能获得更好的支持。
就“可能的内存泄漏”而言，你可以随时使用--show-possibly-lost=no标志来抑制这些警告，现在让valgrind为你提供一些盐。
我指出的最后一页说：
“可能丢失”意味着你的程序正在泄漏内存，除非你用指针执行不寻常的事情，这可能会导致它们指向已分配块的中间;有关可能原因，请参阅用户手册。
直到新版本的valgrind出现更好地支持OSX 10.8我强烈建议在一些Linux发行版中使用Oracle的VirtualBox，你可以在那里运行你的代码并且它们都是免费的，甚至还有a version for OSX 10.8。当我在我的Linux虚拟机上运行你的程序时，我发现没有报告任何错误，（请记住我有一个稍微旧的版本），所以你只是看到误报的可能性很大：
mike@mike-VirtualBox:~/C$ valgrind ./a.out
==12465== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==12465== Copyright (C) 2002-2011, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==12465== Using Valgrind-3.7.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==12465== Command: ./a.out
==12465==
Took 43.77033 ms to run
==12465==
==12465== HEAP SUMMARY:
==12465== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==12465== total heap usage: 12,900,000 allocs, 12,900,000 frees, 284,000,000 bytes allocated
==12465==
==12465== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==12465==
==12465== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==12465== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)
mike@mike-VirtualBox:~/C$
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我一般你应该最担心的是definitely lost，这实际上取决于图书馆。 Possibly lost有时表示内存丢失，但实际上没有，如果你有复杂的数据类型并使用指针“嵌套”，转换和指针传递，就会发生这种情况。
另一点是，如果你正在使用图像并且问题在图像分配或解除分配中，很多字节（可能）会丢失，因此你应该担心，因为这可能会很快积累并消耗你的记忆取决于你这样做的频率。
另一方面，有些库需要你调用*_init函数，它会设置一些全局变量并且永远不会清理它们。这是非常无害的。
你可以使用所谓的抑制文件将valgrind混合出来。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我应该担心吗？
您是否担心valgrind在您的系统上无法正常工作？并不是的;还有其他内存分析器可以在您的系统上正常工作。
您是否担心您的程序会泄漏内存？好吧，在你用一台工作正常的内存分析器进行测试之前，你不会确定。
......任何指示......如果我做错了什么......
是的，你做错了什么...... Valgrind告诉你它在你的操作系统上大部分被破坏了，然而你却以某种方式绕过了所有选项，任何合理的程序员都会选择，在这里提问之前：
/usr/bin/leaks and /usr/bin/malloc_history或“XCode Instruments”）。如果您的问题是从这两个选项中的一个输出，则它不会显示该警告，并且可能不会显示损坏/混乱的输出。也许这表明你的程序没有泄漏，在这种情况下，你可以稍微担心一点，因为你的程序不太可能因泄漏内存而受到责备。也许这表明你的程序泄漏了函数xxx中的内存，在函数中分配，在这种情况下你可以稍微担心，因为你可以自己诊断和修复这些泄漏！