C中当前进程的内存使用情况

时间:2009-10-13 05:53:52

标签: c linux memory memory-management php-extension

我需要在C中获取当前进程的内存使用情况。有人可以在Linux平台上提供如何执行此操作的代码示例吗?

我知道获取内存使用的cat /proc/<your pid>/status方法,但我不知道如何在C中捕获它。

顺便说一句,这是我正在修改的PHP扩展(授予,我是C新手)。如果PHP扩展API中有可用的快捷方式,那将更有帮助。

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:25)

您可以随时打开/proc系统中的'文件',就像使用普通文件一样(使用'self'符号链接,这样您就不必查找自己的pid):

FILE* status = fopen( "/proc/self/status", "r" );

当然,您现在必须解析文件以选择所需的信息。

答案 1 :(得分:24)

getrusage库函数返回一个结构,其中包含有关当前进程的大量数据,包括:

long   ru_ixrss;         /* integral shared memory size */
long   ru_idrss;         /* integral unshared data size */
long   ru_isrss;         /* integral unshared stack size */

然而,最新的linux文档说明了这3个字段

(unmaintained) This field is currently unused on Linux

请参阅getrusage(2)

答案 2 :(得分:13)

这是一种非常丑陋且不可移植的内存使用方式,但由于getrusage()的内存跟踪在Linux上基本上没用,所以读取/ proc // statm是我知道获取内存的唯一方法有关Linux的信息。

如果有人知道更清洁,或者更喜欢更多的跨Unix方式来跟踪内存使用情况,我会非常有兴趣学习如何。

typedef struct {
    unsigned long size,resident,share,text,lib,data,dt;
} statm_t;

void read_off_memory_status(statm_t& result)
{
  unsigned long dummy;
  const char* statm_path = "/proc/self/statm";

  FILE *f = fopen(statm_path,"r");
  if(!f){
    perror(statm_path);
    abort();
  }
  if(7 != fscanf(f,"%ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld",
    &result.size,&result.resident,&result.share,&result.text,&result.lib,&result.data,&result.dt))
  {
    perror(statm_path);
    abort();
  }
  fclose(f);
}

来自proc(5)man-page:

   /proc/[pid]/statm
          Provides information about memory usage, measured in pages.  
          The columns are:

              size       total program size
                         (same as VmSize in /proc/[pid]/status)
              resident   resident set size
                         (same as VmRSS in /proc/[pid]/status)
              share      shared pages (from shared mappings)
              text       text (code)
              lib        library (unused in Linux 2.6)
              data       data + stack
              dt         dirty pages (unused in Linux 2.6)

答案 3 :(得分:7)

#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <errno.h>

errno = 0;
struct rusage* memory = malloc(sizeof(struct rusage));
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, memory);
if(errno == EFAULT)
    printf("Error: EFAULT\n");
else if(errno == EINVAL)
    printf("Error: EINVAL\n");
printf("Usage: %ld\n", memory->ru_ixrss);
printf("Usage: %ld\n", memory->ru_isrss);
printf("Usage: %ld\n", memory->ru_idrss);
printf("Max: %ld\n", memory->ru_maxrss);

我使用了这段代码,但出于某种原因,我总是为所有4个printf()

获得0

答案 4 :(得分:6)

我发现了这篇文章:http://appcrawler.com/wordpress/2013/05/13/simple-example-of-tracking-memory-using-getrusage/

简化版:

#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  struct rusage r_usage;
  getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF,&r_usage);
  // Print the maximum resident set size used (in kilobytes).
  printf("Memory usage: %ld kilobytes\n",r_usage.ru_maxrss);
  return 0;
}

(在Linux 3.13中测试)

答案 5 :(得分:4)

我迟到了,但这可能对其他人在linux上寻找常驻和虚拟(以及他们迄今为止的峰值)记忆有帮助。

这可能非常糟糕,但它完成了工作。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


/*
 * Measures the current (and peak) resident and virtual memories
 * usage of your linux C process, in kB
 */
void getMemory(
    int* currRealMem, int* peakRealMem,
    int* currVirtMem, int* peakVirtMem) {

    // stores each word in status file
    char buffer[1024] = "";

    // linux file contains this-process info
    FILE* file = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");

    // read the entire file
    while (fscanf(file, " %1023s", buffer) == 1) {

        if (strcmp(buffer, "VmRSS:") == 0) {
            fscanf(file, " %d", currRealMem);
        }
        if (strcmp(buffer, "VmHWM:") == 0) {
            fscanf(file, " %d", peakRealMem);
        }
        if (strcmp(buffer, "VmSize:") == 0) {
            fscanf(file, " %d", currVirtMem);
        }
        if (strcmp(buffer, "VmPeak:") == 0) {
            fscanf(file, " %d", peakVirtMem);
        }
    }
    fclose(file);
}

答案 6 :(得分:0)

上述结构取自4.3BSD Reno。并非所有字段都是 -        在Linux下很有意思。在linux 2.4中只有字段ru_utime,ru_stime,        ru_minflt和ru_majflt被维护。从Linux 2.6,ru_nvcsw和        ru_nivcsw也得到维护。

http://www.atarininja.org/index.py/tags/code