屏幕旋转后避免重新创建片段的真实方法(官方片段开发者指南为例)

时间:2013-03-20 23:23:33

标签: android android-fragments android-fragmentactivity

我找到一种真正的方法来避免在屏幕旋转后重新创建片段

if (container == null) { return null; } 真的避免重新创建片段。 (如下图所示)


官方片段开发者指南在哪里?

我们关注的官方指南是http://developer.android.com/guide/components/fragments.htmlpartial example code位于指南的底部。据我所知,完整的示例代码可以在" Samples for SDK"在Android 3.0(API 11)下。此外,我对示例代码进行了少量修改,使其在API 10中运行,并添加了一些调试消息,这些消息包含在本问题的底部。

R.id.a_item在哪里?

您可以在Developer Guide Example中找到以下代码存根:

if (index == 0) {
    ft.replace(R.id.details, details);
} else {
    ft.replace(R.id.a_item, details);
}

我在互联网上进行了一些搜索,发现some others也涉及到R.id.a_item的位置。在API 11中检查样本后,我确信它只是一个毫无意义的错误。样本中根本没有这样的行。


屏幕旋转后避免重新创建片段的真正方法?

网上有很多现有的讨论。但似乎没有真正的"解决方案。

我在下面的代码中添加了大量调试消息,以跟踪DetailsFragment类的生命周期。尝试(1)以纵向模式启动程序,然后(2)将设备转为横向模式,然后(3)将其转回肖像,(4)再次横向渲染,(5)再次回到肖像,最后(6)退出。我们将有以下调试消息:

(1)以肖像模式启动

  

TitlesFragment.onCreate()Bundle = null

仅创建了TitlesFragmentDetailsFragment尚未显示。

(2)进入风景模式

  

TitlesFragment.onCreate()Bundle = Bundle [{shownChoice = -1,android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@4051d3a8,curChoice = 0}]
  DetailsFragment.onAttach()Activity = com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@4051d640
  DetailsFragment.onCreate()Bundle = null
  DetailsFragment.onCreateView()Activity=android.widget.FrameLayout@4050df68
  DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated()Bundle = null
  DetailsFragment.onStart()
  DetailsFragment.onResume()

首先,重新创建TitlesFragment(使用savedInstanceState Bundle)。然后DetailsFragment动态创建TitlesFragment.onActivityCreated(),使用showDetails()调用FragmentTransaction

(3)返回肖像模式

  

DetailsFragment.onPause()
  DetailsFragment.onStop()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
  DetailsFragment.onDetach()
  DetailsFragment.onAttach()Activity = com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@40527f70
  DetailsFragment.onCreate()Bundle = null
  TitlesFragment.onCreate()Bundle = Bundle [{shownChoice = 0,android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@405144b0,curChoice = 0}]
  DetailsFragment.onCreateView()Activity = null
  DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated()Bundle = null
  DetailsFragment.onStart()
  DetailsFragment.onResume()

以下是关于 真实 重新创建避免方法的第一个问题。

这是因为DetailsFragment之前已在横向模式下附加到layout-land/fragment_layout.xml <FrameLayout> ViewGroup。它有一个ID(R.id.details)。当屏幕旋转时,作为ViewGroup的实例的DetailsFragment被保存到FragmentLayout的onSaveInstanceState()中的Activity FragmentLayout&lt; Bundle中。进入纵向模式后,将重新创建DetailsFragment。但在纵向模式下需要

在示例中(以及其他许多建议),DetailsFragment班级使用if (container == null) { return null; }中的onCreateView()来避免DetailsFragment以纵向模式显示。但是,如上面的调试消息所示,DetailsFragment在后​​台仍然存在,作为孤儿,具有所有生命周期方法调用。

(4)再次风景模式

  

DetailsFragment.onPause()
  DetailsFragment.onStop()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
  DetailsFragment.onDetach()
  DetailsFragment.onAttach()Activity = com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@4052c7d8
  DetailsFragment.onCreate()Bundle = null
  TitlesFragment.onCreate()Bundle = Bundle [{shownChoice = 0,android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@40521b80,curChoice = 0}]
  DetailsFragment.onCreateView()Activity = android.widget.FrameLayout@40525270
  DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated()Bundle = null
  DetailsFragment.onStart()
  DetailsFragment.onResume()

注意在前5行中,DetailsFragment完成其生命周期状态,然后销毁和分离。

这进一步证明了if (container == null) { return null; }方法 真正的 方法来摆脱DetailsFragment实例。 (我以为垃圾收集者会摧毁这个晃来晃去的孩子,但它没有。这是因为Android确实允许悬挂片段。参考:Adding a fragment without a UI。)

据我所知,从第6行开始,它应该是由DetailsFragment创建的新TitlesFragment实例,就像它在(2)中所做的那样。但我无法解释为什么在DetailsFragment onAttach()之前调用onCreate() TitlesFragmentonCreate()方法。

null&#39; DetailsFragment中的onCreate()捆绑包会证明它是一个新实例。

根据我的理解,之前的悬空DetailsFragment实例不会重新创建,因为它没有ID。因此它没有使用视图层次结构自动保存到savedInstanceState Bundle中。

(5)再次返回人像模式

  

DetailsFragment.onPause()
  DetailsFragment.onStop()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
  DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
  DetailsFragment.onDetach()
  DetailsFragment.onAttach()Activity = com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@4052d7d8
  DetailsFragment.onCreate()Bundle = null
  TitlesFragment.onCreate()Bundle = Bundle [{shownChoice = 0,android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@40534e30,curChoice = 0}]
  DetailsFragment.onCreateView()Activity = null
  DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated()Bundle = null
  DetailsFragment.onStart()
  DetailsFragment.onResume()

请注意,所有生命周期回调在(3)中第一次回到肖像时完全相同,除了Activity ID (40527f70 vs 4052d7d8)和{{ 1}}。这是合理的。将重新创建FragmentLayout活动和实例状态包。

(6)退出(按BACK按钮)

  

I / System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onPause()   I / System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onStop()   I / System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()   I / System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onDestroy()   I / System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onDetach()

如果我们可以删除view_state Bundle (405144b0 vs 40534e30) DetailsFragment中的FragmentLayout,那将是完美的。但需要在onDestroy()之前调用FragmentTransaction remove()方法。但是,onSaveInstanceState()无法确定屏幕是否旋转。

无论如何,也无法移除onSaveInstanceState() DetailsFragment中的FragmentLayout。首先,如果onSaveInstanceState()被对话框部分遮挡,它将在后台消失。此外,如果被对话框遮挡或切换活动,则不会再次调用DetailsFragmentonCreate(Bundle)。因此,我们无法恢复片段(并从Bundle中检索数据)。


源代码&amp;文件

FragmentLayout.java

onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle)

布局/ fragment_layout.xml

package com.example.android.apis.app;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class FragmentLayout extends FragmentActivity {

    private final static class Shakespeare {
        public static final String[] TITLES = { "Love", "Hate", "One", "Day" };
        public static final String[] DIALOGUE = {
            "Love Love Love Love Love",
            "Hate Hate Hate Hate Hate",
            "One One One One One",
            "Day Day Day Day Day" };
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);
    }

    public static class DetailsActivity extends FragmentActivity {
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

            if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation
                    == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
                // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the
                // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.
                finish();
                return;
            }

            if (savedInstanceState == null) {
                // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.
                DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();
                details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
                getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {
        boolean mDualPane;
        int mCurCheckPosition = 0;
        int mShownCheckPosition = -1;

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreate() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }

        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

            // Populate list with our static array of titles.
            setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                    android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));
            // API 11:android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1

            // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details
            // fragment directly in the containing UI.
            View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);
            mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;

            if (savedInstanceState != null) {
                // Restore last state for checked position.
                mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);
                mShownCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("shownChoice", -1);
            }

            if (mDualPane) {
                // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.
                getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
                // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.
                showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
            super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
            outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);
            outState.putInt("shownChoice", mShownCheckPosition);
        }

        @Override
        public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
            showDetails(position);
        }

        /**
         * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by
         * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a
         * whole new activity in which it is displayed.
         */
        void showDetails(int index) {
            mCurCheckPosition = index;

            if (mDualPane) {
                // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update
                // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.
                getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);

                if (mShownCheckPosition != mCurCheckPosition) {
                    // If we are not currently showing a fragment for the new
                    // position, we need to create and install a new one.
                    DetailsFragment df = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);

                    // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment
                    // with this one inside the frame.
                    FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
                    ft.replace(R.id.details, df);
                    ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
                    ft.commit();
                    mShownCheckPosition = index;
                }

            } else {
                // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display
                // the dialog fragment with selected text.
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra("index", index);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {
        /**
         * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to
         * show the text at 'index'.
         */
        public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {
            DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();

            // Supply index input as an argument.
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt("index", index);
            f.setArguments(args);

            return f;
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreate() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }
        @Override
        public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
            super.onAttach(activity);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onAttach() Activity=" + 
                    (activity == null ? null : activity));
        }
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onActivityCreated() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }
        @Override
        public void onStart() { super.onStart(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onStart()"); }
        @Override
        public void onResume() { super.onResume(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onResume()"); }
        @Override
        public void onPause() { super.onPause(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onPause()"); }
        @Override
        public void onStop() { super.onStop(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onStop()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDestroyView()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDestroy()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDetach() { super.onDetach(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDetach()"); }

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreateView() Activity=" + 
                    (container == null ? null : container));

            if (container == null) {
                // We have different layouts, and in one of them this
                // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment
                // may still be created from its saved state, but there is
                // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it
                // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could
                // just run the code below, where we would create and return
                // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.
                return null;
            }

            ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());
            TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());
            int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,
                    4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
            text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
            scroller.addView(text);
            text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getArguments().getInt("index", 0)]);
            return scroller;
        }
    }

}

布局脊/ fragment_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles"
            android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>

的AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal" android:baselineAligned="false"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <!-- API 11:android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" -->

</LinearLayout>

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

我使用以下方法取得了一些成功。

根据片段的状态,这是正确的。

public void activate(FragmentTransaction ft, Fragment f, String tag, int resId) {
    boolean changed =   resId != f.getId();

    if (changed && (f.isAdded() || f.isDetached())) {
        ft.remove(f);
        ft.add(resId, f, tag);
        return;
    }

    // Currently in a detached mode
    if (f.isDetached()) {
        ft.attach(f);
        return;
    }

    // Not in fragment manager add
    if (!f.isAdded() && ! f.isDetached()) {
        ft.add(resId, f, tag);
        return;
    }
}

它处理特定的memoized片段。

private enum FragmentOp {
    ADD
    ,DETACH
    ,REMOVE
    ;
}

private void ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp op) {
    if (null == iChild) {
        iChild = (FragmentChild) iFM.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_phonenumber_details);
    }

    FragmentTransaction ft = iFM.beginTransaction();
    switch(op) {
    case ADD:
        if (null == iChild) {
            iChild = new FragmentChild();
        }
        activate(ft, iChild, null, R.id.fragment_phonenumber_details);
        break;
    case DETACH:
        if (null != iChild) {
            iChild.deactivate(ft);
        }
        break;
    case REMOVE:
        if (null != iChild) {
            iChild.remove(ft);
        }
        break;
    }
    // Only if something shows up did we do anything!
    if (null != iChild) {
        ft.commit();
    }
}

然后在生命周期方法中:

@Override public void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    if (iDualPane) {
        ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp.ADD);
    }
}

@Override public void onPause() {
    super.onPause();

    recordState();   // Grab what I need from the child fragment

    ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp.DETACH);
}

答案 1 :(得分:-2)

非常感谢@RogerGarzonNieto发现在方向更改时禁用自动重新创建的方法。这非常有用。我相信在某些情况下我将不得不使用它。

为了避免在屏幕旋转时重新创建片段,我发现了一种更简单的方法,我们可以仍然允许活动像往常一样重新创建。

onSaveInstanceState()

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (isPortrait2Landscape()) {
        remove_fragments();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

private boolean isPortrait2Landscape() {
    return isDevicePortrait() && (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
}

isDevicePortrait()就像:

private boolean isDevicePortrait() {
    return (findViewById(R.id.A_View_Only_In_Portrait) != null);
}

*请注意,我们 无法 使用getResources().getConfiguration().orientation来确定设备当前是字面纵向。这是因为Resources对象在屏幕旋转后更改 RIGHT AFTER - 以前 {{ 1}}被称为!!

如果您不想使用onSaveInstanceState()来测试方向(由于任何原因,并且它不是那么整洁),请保留一个全局变量findViewById()并将其初始化为private int current_orientation; in current_orientation = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;。这似乎更整洁。但我们应该注意 不要 在活动生命周期中的任何地方进行更改。

*确保我们onCreate() 之前 remove_fragments()

(因为在我的情况下,我从布局和活动中删除碎片。如果它在super.onSaveInstanceState()之后,布局将已经保存到Bundle中。然后碎片将<在活动重新创建后重新创建strong> 。###)

###我已经证明了这一现象。但What to determine a Fragment restore upon Activity re-create?的原因仅仅是我的猜测。如果您对此有任何想法,请回答my another question。谢谢!