全局(外部)变量的交叉初始化

时间:2013-03-14 09:58:17

标签: c++ instantiation extern

在初始化具有跨文件范围(extern)的变量时,我在理解编译器/链接器如何生成实际代码时遇到问题。我的意思是,这些实例化的顺序是什么?当使用其他一些变量定义至少一个变量时,这似乎有问题...例如,这可以按预期工作:

main.cpp中:

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;

    extern int varA;

    int varB=1;

    int main ()
     {
      cout << "varA = " << varA << endl;
      cout << "varB = " << varB << endl;
      system ("pause");
      return 0;
     }

variableA.cpp

extern int varB;
int varA=varB;

输出是:

varA = 1   --> as expected!!
varB = 1   --> as expected!!

现在,稍微复杂的以下内容会产生意外结果

classB.h文件:

#ifndef H_classB
#define H_classB

class classB {
public: 
    classB();
    int varB;
};

#endif

classB.cpp文件:

#include "classB.h"

classB myB;  // defined => cross-file scope by using extern in other files

classB::classB() {
    varB=1; // constructor initialized varB to 1
}

classA.h文件:

#ifndef H_classA
#define H_classA

class classA {
public: 
    classA();
    int varA;
};

#endif

classA.cpp文件:

#include "classA.h"
#include "classB.h"

extern classB myB;

classA myA; // defined => cross-file scope by using extern in other files

classA::classA() {
    varA=myB.varB;  // constructor initialized varA to the value of the instance
                    // variable varB of the pre-instantiated object myB (defined 
                    //in classB.cpp). 
}

main.cpp中:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "classA.h"
#include "classB.h"

extern classA myA;
extern classB myB;

int main ()
{

  cout << "myA.varA = " << myA.varA << endl;
  cout << "myB.varB = " << myB.varB << endl;

  system ("pause");
  return 0;
}

在这种情况下,OUTPUT是:

myA.varA = 0   --> WHY??? shouldn't it be 1? 
myB.varB = 1   --> as expected!

这种行为背后的理由是什么?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

这是实现定义的,建议尽可能避免。