我正在寻找一种制定课程的方法:
理想情况下,与非const版本相比,解决方案将编译为无额外代码,因为const / non-const-ness只是对程序员的帮助。
这是我到目前为止所尝试的内容:
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef int T;
class C
{
public:
// Elements pointed to are mutable, list is not, 'this' is not - compiles OK
list<T *> const & get_t_list() const { return t_list_; }
// Neither elements nor list nor' this' are mutable - doesn't compile
list<T const *> const & get_t_list2() const { return t_list_; }
// Sanity check: T const * is the problem - doesn't compile
list<T const *> & get_t_list3() { return t_list_; }
// Elements pointed to are immutable, 'this' and this->t_list_ are
// also immutable - Compiles OK, but actually burns some CPU cycles
list<T const *> get_t_list4() const {
return list<T const *>( t_list_.begin() , t_list_.end() );
}
private:
list<T *> t_list_;
};
如果没有类型转换的解决方案,我想了解如何制定具有所述属性的类的替代建议。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
我们假设您可以将list<T*>&
转换为list<T const *>&
。现在考虑以下代码:
list<char*> a;
list<char const*>& b = a;
b.push_back("foo");
a.front()[0] = 'x'; // oops mutating const data
将T**
转换为T const**
是一个相同的概念问题。
如果要提供对基础数据的只读访问权限,则需要提供一些自定义视图,可能使用自定义迭代器。
如下所示。
template <typename It>
class const_const_iterator {
private:
using underlying_value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
static_assert(std::is_pointer<underlying_value_type>(),
"must be an iterator to a pointer");
using pointerless_value_type = typename std::remove_pointer<underlying_value_type>::type;
public:
const_const_iterator(It it) : it(it) {}
using value_type = pointerless_value_type const*;
value_type operator*() const {
return *it; // *it is a T*, but we return a T const*,
// converted implicitly
// also note that it is not assignable
}
// rest of iterator implementation here
// boost::iterator_facade may be of help
private:
It it;
};
template <typename Container>
class const_const_view {
private:
using container_iterator = typename Container::iterator;
public:
using const_iterator = const_const_iterator<container_iterator>;
using iterator = const_iterator;
const_const_view(Container const& container) : container(&container) {}
const_iterator begin() const { return iterator(container->begin()); }
const_iterator end() const { return iterator(container->end()); }
private:
Container const* container;
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
不要退回容器。返回迭代器。