在以后的程序中,我有一个类动物,它具有派生类cat和dog具有相同的公共功能但具有不同的私有功能。我想让用户在运行期间决定创建哪个动物。我做了一个简单的例子来说明我想要的东西,但显然不起作用。我不知道如何解决这个问题,并希望得到你的帮助。
#include <cstdio>
class canimal
{
public:
int sound()
{
std::printf("...\n");
return 0;
}
};
class cdog : public canimal
{
public:
int sound()
{
std::printf("Woof!\n");
return 0;
}
};
class ccat : public canimal
{
public:
int sound()
{
std::printf("Mieau!\n");
return 0;
}
};
int main()
{
canimal *animal;
cdog *dog;
// I would like to let the user decide here which animal will be made
// In this case, I would like the function to say "Woof!", but of course it doesn't...
animal = new cdog;
animal->sound();
// Here it works, but I would like the pointer to be of the generic class
// such that the type of animal can be chosen at runtime
dog = new cdog;
dog->sound();
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您需要制作sound()
方法virtual
:
class canimal
{
public:
virtual int sound()
^^^^^^^
这将使其完全符合您的需要。
有关进一步的讨论,请参阅Why do we need Virtual Functions in C++?
在C ++ 11中,有一个新的override
关键字,如果使用得当,会降低某些类型的错误。见Safely override C++ virtual functions
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我认为你正在寻找声音()虚拟。阅读C ++中的多态性。
class canimal
{
public:
virtual int sound()
{
std::printf("...\n");
return 0;
}
};
答案 2 :(得分:1)
您需要使用virtual
即
class canimal
{
public:
virtual int sound()
{
std::printf("...\n");
return 0;
}
};
class cdog : public canimal
{
public:
virtual int sound()
{
std::printf("Woof!\n");
return 0;
}
};
class ccat : public canimal
{
public:
virtual int sound()
{
std::printf("Mieau!\n");
return 0;
}
};