更新:请参阅此问题的底部以获得完整答案。
我想运行一个辅助线程,以便我的主线程和我的辅助线程交替执行操作(不,我不想在主线程中执行所有操作,它用于单元测试)。
我提出了两个不同的解决方案,我不知道哪个是最好的,我对第一个问题有疑问:
我使用Exchanger做了一些事情(虽然我不想只交换一个对象)。
@Test
public void launchMyTest() {
/**
* An anonymous class to set some variables from a different thread
*/
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
//declare some various attributes that will be set
//NOT DECLARED VOLATILE
...
public final Exchanger<Integer> exchanger = new Exchanger<Integer>();
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//start of the synchronization
int turn = 1;
while (turn != 2) {
turn = this.exchanger.exchange(turn);
}
//do some work and set my various variables
...
//main thread's turn
turn = 1;
this.exchanger.exchange(turn);
//wait for this thread's turn
while (turn != 2) {
turn = this.exchanger.exchange(turn);
}
//redo some other work and reset the various variables
...
//main thread's turn
turn = 1;
this.exchanger.exchange(turn);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
try {
//some work in the main thread
....
//launch the job in the second thread
ThreadTest test = new ThreadTest();
test.start();
//start of the synchronization
int turn = 2;
test.exchanger.exchange(turn);
//wait for this thread's turn
while (turn != 1) {
turn = test.exchanger.exchange(turn);
}
//run some tests using the various variables of the anonymous class
....
//now, relaunch following operations in the second thread
turn = 2;
test.exchanger.exchange(turn);
//wait for this thread's turn
while (turn != 1) {
turn = test.exchanger.exchange(turn);
}
//do some other tests using the various variables of the anonymous class
//...
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
exchange
方法执行内存同步,就像使用Lock
一样?使用Condition的另一种解决方案:
@Test
public void launchMyTest() {
/**
* An anonymous class to set some variables from a different thread
*/
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
//declare some various attributes that will be set
//NOT DECLARED VOLATILE
...
public final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public final Condition oneAtATime = lock.newCondition();
public int turn = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
this.lock.lock();
try {
//do some work and set my various variables
...
//main thread's turn
this.turn = 1;
this.oneAtATime.signal();
//wait for this thread's turn
while (this.turn != 2) {
this.oneAtATime.await();
}
//redo some other work and reset the various variables
...
//main thread's turn
this.turn = 1;
this.oneAtATime.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} finally {
this.lock.unlock();
}
}
}
ThreadTest test = new ThreadTest();
test.lock.lock();
try {
//some work in the main thread
....
//launch the job in the second thread
test.turn = 2;
test.start();
//wait for this thread's turn
while (test.turn != 1) {
test.oneAtATime.await();
}
//run some tests using the various variables of the anonymous class
....
//now, relaunch following operations in the second thread
test.turn = 2;
test.oneAtATime.signal();
//wait for this thread's turn
while (test.turn != 1) {
test.oneAtATime.await();
}
//do some other tests using the various variables of the anonymous class
//...
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} finally {
test.lock.unlock();
}
}
在我看来有点复杂。
您认为最佳解决方案是什么?我做得对吗,还是我错过了另一个明显的解决方案?
我没有使用CountDownLatch
,因为我想要另外运行几个操作,并且CountDownLatch
无法重置。而且我没有发现CyclicBarrier
使代码变得更简单......(实际上我并不完全理解如何使用它,但它看起来并不比使用Exchanger
或{更简单{1}})
谢谢。
@ClémentMATHIEU在其accepted answer的评论中提供了如何实现这一目标的不同示例,请参阅:https://gist.github.com/cykl/5131021
有三个示例,一个使用Condition
,另一个使用CyclicBarrier
,最后一个使用2 Exchanger
。虽然他说“更具表现力的是基于信号量的信号词”是正确的,但为了简单起见,我选择使用Semaphore
。我的单元测试成了:
Exchanger
答案 0 :(得分:2)
交换机看起来正确。看完http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTVooKLLVT8之后,我认为变量应该是不稳定的,说几乎没有任何问题。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我是否认为交换方法执行内存同步,就像使用Lock一样?
你是对的。 javadoc指定有一个before-before关系:
“内存一致性效果:对于通过ExchangeR成功交换对象的每对线程,每个线程中的exchange()之前的操作发生在从相应的exchange()返回之前的操作之前。其他帖子。“
您认为最佳解决方案是什么?
两者都是等价的。你应该以表达力为目标。我发现基于同步/锁定/监视器的解决方案比基于交换的解决方案更具表现力。但是,如果您在专用类中抽象此代码并不重要。
我做得对吗,还是我错过了另一个明显的解决方案?
AFAIK否如果您不想重新实施滚轮。
请注意,您的基于ReentrantLock的解决方案也可以使用普通旧同步或来自Guava的Monitor编写。
我没有发现CyclicBarrier让代码变得更简单......(实际上我并不完全理解如何使用它,但它看起来并不比使用
更简单
CyclicBarrier不符合您的需求。它不是为互斥而设计的;它允许一组线程定义一个共同的障碍。线程将同时执行并在某个时刻等待彼此,然后再转到下一步。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
锁定机制通过关注锁的互斥来直接解决您在此处执行的任务,因此我建议采用该方法。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
虽然我还没有使用Exchanger
,但看起来它是您想要实现的最简单的解决方案。代码少于更通用的Lock
/ Condition
版本。至于记忆的一致性:这就是他们所承诺的here。