我一直在使用WeakEventManager来避免内存泄漏,我开始过度使用它们。 我为例如INotifyPropertyChanged创建了扩展方法,如:
public static void AddWeakPropertyChanged(this INotifyPropertyChanged item, Action handler)
{
PropertyChangedEventManager.AddHandler(item, (s, e) => handler(e.PropertyName), string.Empty);
}
现在我很快意识到,这不起作用。实际上,您无法真正使用匿名方法进行弱事件处理。 (如果我理解正确,那么编译器为它创建一个'闭包类'(用于保存引用的值),它具有处理程序,但由于你的闭包类没有在任何地方被引用,因此GC将清除它,并且事件处理程序将不会被召唤)
问题#1:这是正确的吗?我的意思是它是正确的,然后当使用匿名方法(或lambda)作为弱事件处理程序时,只有当GC没有同时运行时才调用处理程序(例如,它是不确定的)?
嗯,我知道,所以我做了一些单元测试,以确保我做对了。在我进行下面的单元测试之前,它似乎还可以:
class DidRun
{
public bool Value { get; set; }
}
class TestEventPublisher
{
public event EventHandler<EventArgs> MyEvent;
public void RaiseMyEvent()
{
if (MyEvent != null)
MyEvent(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
class TestClosure
{
public DidRun didRun { get; set; }
public EventHandler<EventArgs> Handler { get; private set; }
public TestClosure()
{
this.Handler = new EventHandler<EventArgs>((s, e) => didRun.Value = true);
}
}
[TestMethod]
public void TestWeakReference()
{
var raiser = new TestEventPublisher();
var didrun = new DidRun();
var closure = new TestClosure { didRun = didrun };
WeakEventManager<TestEventPublisher, EventArgs>.AddHandler(raiser, "MyEvent", closure.Handler);
closure = null;
GC.Collect();
GC.Collect();
raiser.RaiseMyEvent();
Assert.AreEqual(false, didrun.Value);
}
问题2:任何人都可以解释为什么这个测试失败了?
期望:这里我没有任何闭包(我把它们拿出来,以确保发生了什么),我只是有一个对象(闭包),用WeakEventManager订阅一个事件,然后我删除了引用它(closure = null;)。
我期待2次GC.Collect()调用,以清理我的旧闭包类,因此WeakEventManager将删除订阅者,而不是运行处理程序,但测试失败。有什么想法吗?
编辑:抱歉,通用参数不可见,现在它们是答案 0 :(得分:3)
如果没有对它的引用,GC会收集你在lambda周围创建的闭包是正确的。
在单元测试中,您将TestClosure
的本地实例清空,但是您已将处理程序的硬引用传递给WeakEventManager,而不是TestClosure
的实例。所以处理程序依然存在......
我相信这些例子证明了你关闭的问题:
class DidRun
{
public bool Value { get; set; }
}
class TestEventPublisher
{
public event EventHandler<EventArgs> MyEvent;
public void RaiseMyEvent()
{
if (MyEvent != null)
MyEvent(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
class TestClosure
{
static public EventHandler<EventArgs> Register(TestEventPublisher raiser, DidRun didrun)
{
EventHandler<EventArgs> handler = (s, e) => didrun.Value = true;
WeakEventManager<TestEventPublisher, EventArgs>.AddHandler(raiser, "MyEvent", handler);
return handler;
}
}
[TestMethod]
public void Test1()
{
var raiser = new TestEventPublisher();
var didrun = new DidRun();
TestClosure.Register(raiser, didrun);
// The reference to the closure 'handler' is not being held,
// it may or may not be GC'd (indeterminate result)
raiser.RaiseMyEvent();
Assert.IsTrue(didrun.Value);
}
[TestMethod]
public void Test2()
{
var raiser = new TestEventPublisher();
var didrun = new DidRun();
// The reference to the closure 'handler' is not being held, it's GC'd
TestClosure.Register(raiser, didrun);
GC.Collect();
GC.Collect();
raiser.RaiseMyEvent();
Assert.IsFalse(didrun.Value);
}
[TestMethod]
public void Test3()
{
var raiser = new TestEventPublisher();
var didrun = new DidRun();
// Keep local copy of handler to prevent it from being GC'd
var handler = TestClosure.Register(raiser, didrun);
GC.Collect();
GC.Collect();
raiser.RaiseMyEvent();
Assert.IsTrue(didrun.Value);
}
至于您的原始问题,您可以尝试保存处理程序(闭包)以防止它被GC。 ConditionalWeakTable
应该适用于此:
// ConditionalWeakTable will hold the 'value' as long as the 'key' is not marked for GC
static private ConditionalWeakTable<INotifyPropertyChanged, EventHandler<PropertyChangedEventArgs>> _eventMapping =
new ConditionalWeakTable<INotifyPropertyChanged, EventHandler<PropertyChangedEventArgs>>();
public static void AddWeakPropertyChanged(this INotifyPropertyChanged item, Action<string> handlerAction)
{
EventHandler<PropertyChangedEventArgs> handler;
// Remove any existing handler for this item in case it's registered more than once
if (_eventMapping.TryGetValue(item, out handler))
{
_eventMapping.Remove(item);
PropertyChangedEventManager.RemoveHandler(item, handler, string.Empty);
}
handler = (s, e) => handlerAction(e.PropertyName);
// Save handler (closure) to prevent GC
_eventMapping.Add(item, handler);
PropertyChangedEventManager.AddHandler(item, handler, string.Empty);
}
class DidRun
{
static public string Value { get; private set; }
public void SetValue(string value) { Value = value; }
}
[TestMethod]
public void Test4()
{
var property = new ObservableObject<string>();
var didrun = new DidRun();
property.AddWeakPropertyChanged(
(x) =>
{
didrun.SetValue("Property Name = " + x);
});
GC.Collect();
GC.Collect();
property.Value = "Hello World";
Assert.IsTrue(DidRun.Value != null);
}