发布一对多的关系

时间:2013-03-04 13:41:15

标签: django one-to-many django-rest-framework

我正在尝试通过Django REST框架向我的Django模型公开API。

我有一个对象Observation。观察可以包含已经观察到的多个事物。所以我这样表示:

class Observation(models.Model):

    photo_file = models.ImageField( upload_to=img_dir,   blank=True, null=True )
    titestamp = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
    latitude = models.FloatField()
    longitude = models.FloatField()


class ObservedThing(models.Model):
    thing = models.ForeignKey(Thing) # the thing being observed
    observation = models.ForeignKey(Observation, related_name='observed_thing')
    value = models.FloatField()

据我所知,这是一对多的关系。

我现在有一个API视图:

class ObsvList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    """
    API endpoint that represents a list of observations.
    """
    model = Observation
    serializer_class = ObsvSerializer

和相应的序列化器:

class ObsvSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    observed_thing = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Observation

如果能够通过检测到的几件事情发布观察,我该怎么办?我想不明白。非常感谢。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

(或多或少地从另一个similar but less clear question复制)

要在单个POST中创建多个相关对象,需要可写嵌套序列化程序,但尚未提供。

完全支持是work in progress,但同时一个(hacky)解决方案是在每种情况下覆盖视图中的create方法:

class FooListCreateView(ListCreateAPIView):
    model = Foo
    serializer_class = FooSerializer

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        data=request.DATA

        f = Foo.objects.create()

        # ... create nested objects from request data ...  

        # ...
        return Response(serializer.data, 
                        status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
                        headers=headers)

可能不理想,但它适用于我,直到正确的方式出现。

另一个选项是使用单独的POST单独创建相关的Observation对象,并使用PrimaryKeyRelatedField or HyperlinkedRelatedField在最终的ObservedThing POST中建立关联。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

我知道这个帖子已经有了答案,但我开始努力解决这个问题,因为这篇文章是我的灵感之一,我想分享我的最终解决方案。它对某人有用。我有模型,所以父类:

#parent model class
class Parent(models.Model):

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    field = models.CharField(max_length=45)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'parent'

然后,孩子班:

#child model class
class Child(models.Model):

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    field = models.CharField(max_length=45)
    parent = models.ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'child'

我不得不定义序列化程序,因为我不想创建路由器可访问的URL来直接管理Children对象,但是我想通过父ModelViewSet的ModelViewSet创建它们,这就是我需要的:

class ChildSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Child
        read_only_fields = ('id',)

class ParentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Banner
        read_only_fields = ('id',)

class ParentSerializerNested(ParentSerializer):
    children = ChildSerializer(many=True)

然后我准备创建ModelViewSet,覆盖/扩展create / update mixins,并使其成为通用的,以便在其他情况下重用它:

class ParentChildViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.serializer_parent(data=request.DATA,
                                            files=request.FILES)

        try:
            if serializer.is_valid():
                with transaction.commit_on_success():
                    self.pre_save(serializer.object)
                    parent = serializer.save(force_insert=True)
                    self.post_save(parent, created=True)

                    # need to insert children records
                    for child in request.DATA[self.child_field]:
                        child[self.parent_field] = parent.id
                        child_record = self.serializer_child(data=child)
                        if child_record.is_valid():
                            child_record.save(force_insert=True)
                        else:
                            raise ValidationError('Child validation failed')

                    headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)

                    serializer.data[self.child_field] = self.serializer_child(
                        self.model_child.objects.filter(
                            **{self.parent_field: parent.id}).all(),
                            many=True).data
                    return Response(serializer.data,
                                    status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
                                    headers=headers)
        except ValidationError:
            pass
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

所以我可以将它重用于我在我的应用程序中的每个嵌套关系案例:

class ParentViewSet(ParentChildViewSet):
    child_field = 'children'
    parent_field = 'parent'
    model = Parent
    model_child = Child
    serializer_class = ParentSerializerNested
    serializer_parent = ParentSerializer
    serializer_child = ChildSerializer

最后,路由:

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'parents', ParentViewSet)

它就像一个魅力!

答案 2 :(得分:1)

thing = models.ManyToManyField('Thing')

您需要使用多对多关系来创建临时表,该表将存储密钥并自动关联数据。