Question

好的，所以我知道我正在玩这个大男孩和女孩在这里弄乱前端和后端MVC（即使bbone不完全是MVC），但是这是我工作过的第一个真正强大的应用程序不幸的是，在学术领域，支持不存在，尤其是更加前沿，所以我很感激。

尝试使用Rails（3.2.2）应用程序部署到Heroku时出现了一些错误，资产管道一直在引发问题。由于我使用BBone作为前端，并且[单个]页面[app]需要知道加载时图像和声音的路径，我不得不使用this gist将图像路径附加到App.assets传递给application.js文件以获取require.js以启动在前端构建的应用程序。

问题似乎是Devise想要：config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false而需要：config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = true而Heroku希望在production.rb文件中：config.assets.compile = true。

我得到的错误是在gist文件assets.js.erb中，在该文件中调用数据库以获取Song模型中的所有歌曲，倒数第二行

App = {};
App.assets = {
  // Returns an object containing all of asset pipeline's image paths.
  //
  // Sample:
  //
  // {
  //   avatars/missing_avatar.png: "/assets/avatars/missing_avatar.png"
  //   chosen-sprite.png: "/assets/chosen-sprite.png"
  //   circle_green.png: "/assets/circle_green.png"
  //   circle_orange.png: "/assets/circle_orange.png"
  //   circle_red.png: "/assets/circle_red.png"
  //   circle_yellow.png: "/assets/circle_yellow.png"
  //   document.png: "/assets/document.png"
  // }
  //

  // This hash is because Rails' Asset Pipeline bundles the routes to files
  // per user session, then hands that to the user's session browser, for security.
  // So we create in Ruby (erb = embedded ruby) a hash of the images to be accessed
  // in the JS.
  images: {
    <% AssetsUtil.images.each do |img| %>
      "<%= img %>" : "<%= asset_path(img) %>",
    <% end %>
  },

  // Return a formatted URL for an asset.
  //
  // Sample:
  //
  // "/assets/document/png."
  //
  path: function(name) {
    // If the file is in our images object, pull the path from there.
    if (this.images && this.images[name]) {
      return this.images[name];
    }

    // Otherwise, create a generic asset path.
    return '/assets/' + name;
  }
};

// Currently this is ALL the songs in the DB, not just the current_user 's songs 
App.songs = {
  songs: <%= Song.all.to_json.html_safe %>
};

在部署到Heroku之前，按照建议的todo尝试rake assets:precompile的完整跟踪错误是：

** Invoke assets:precompile (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:precompile:external (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:test_node (first_time)
** Execute requirejs:test_node
** Execute requirejs:precompile:external
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/ruby /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/rake requirejs:precompile:all RAILS_ENV=production RAILS_GROUPS=assets --trace
** Invoke requirejs:precompile:all (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:precompile:prepare_source (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:setup (first_time)
** Invoke assets:environment (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:precompile:disable_js_compressor (first_time)
** Execute requirejs:precompile:disable_js_compressor
** Execute assets:environment
** Execute requirejs:setup
** Invoke requirejs:clean (first_time)
** Invoke requirejs:setup 
** Execute requirejs:clean
** Execute requirejs:precompile:prepare_source
rake aborted!
uninitialized constant Song
  (in /Users/me/dev/SoundOfFractions/app/assets/javascripts/assets.js.erb)
/Users/me/dev/SoundOfFractions/app/assets/javascripts/assets.js.erb:48:in `block in singletonclass'
/Users/me/dev/SoundOfFractions/app/assets/javascripts/assets.js.erb:65530:in `instance_eval'
/Users/me/dev/SoundOfFractions/app/assets/javascripts/assets.js.erb:65530:in `singletonclass'
/Users/me/dev/SoundOfFractions/app/assets/javascripts/assets.js.erb:65528:in `__tilt_70168709646800'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/tilt-1.3.4/lib/tilt/template.rb:144:in `call'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/tilt-1.3.4/lib/tilt/template.rb:144:in `evaluate'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/tilt-1.3.4/lib/tilt/template.rb:77:in `render'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:177:in `block in evaluate'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:174:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:174:in `evaluate'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:12:in `initialize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `new'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `block in build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:262:in `circular_call_protection'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:240:in `build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:89:in `block in build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:88:in `build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:163:in `find_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:56:in `find_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/bundled_asset.rb:16:in `initialize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:244:in `new'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:244:in `build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:89:in `block in build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:88:in `build_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:163:in `find_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:56:in `find_asset'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/requirejs-rails-0.9.1/lib/tasks/requirejs-rails_tasks.rake:94:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:212:in `block in each_logical_path'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:200:in `block (2 levels) in each_file'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:190:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:190:in `each_entry'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:198:in `block in each_file'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:197:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:197:in `each_file'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:210:in `each_logical_path'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/requirejs-rails-0.9.1/lib/tasks/requirejs-rails_tasks.rake:92:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:228:in `call'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:228:in `block in execute'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:223:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:223:in `execute'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:166:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:159:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:185:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:185:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:165:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:159:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:152:in `invoke'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:143:in `invoke_task'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `block in top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:110:in `run_with_threads'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:73:in `block in run'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:70:in `run'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/rake:19:in `load'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/rake:19:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => requirejs:precompile:all => requirejs:precompile:prepare_source
rake aborted!
Command failed with status (1): [/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362...]
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:53:in `block in create_shell_runner'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:45:in `call'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:45:in `sh'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils_ext.rb:40:in `sh'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:80:in `ruby'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/file_utils_ext.rb:40:in `ruby'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:12:in `ruby_rake_task'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/requirejs-rails-0.9.1/lib/tasks/requirejs-rails_tasks.rake:85:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:228:in `call'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:228:in `block in execute'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:223:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:223:in `execute'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:166:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:159:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:185:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:185:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:165:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p362/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:159:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/task.rb:152:in `invoke'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:143:in `invoke_task'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `each'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:101:in `block in top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:110:in `run_with_threads'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `top_level'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:73:in `block in run'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake/application.rb:70:in `run'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/rake:19:in `load'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/rake:19:in `<main>'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `eval'
/Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => assets:precompile => requirejs:precompile:external

的Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.2.2'

# Bundle edge Rails instead:
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'railroady'
  gem 'sqlite3'
  # For linux support
  gem 'therubyracer'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
  gem 'thin'
end

# Gems used only for assets and not required
# in production environments by default.
group :assets do
  # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
end

# gem "better_errors", ">= 0.2.0", :group => :development
# gem "binding_of_caller", ">= 0.6.8", :group => :development

gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 3.2.3'
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1'

gem 'jquery-rails'
gem 'rails-backbone'
gem "bootstrap-sass", "~> 2.3.0.0"
gem 'requirejs-rails'
gem 'ejs'
gem 'devise'


gem "better_errors", ">= 0.2.0", :group => :development
gem "binding_of_caller", ">= 0.6.8", :group => :development
gem 'color_routes'
gem 'gon'

那么我应该从哪里开始配置以完成部署？

潜在信息：如果您观察如何从Railscast here进行自定义rake任务，则运行自定义rake任务时会出现相同的错误，Ryan解释说该任务无法访问数据库，因为自定义任务需要{{1} （在电影中~~4：15）访问User类。由于预编译无法访问歌曲模型，我如何为=> :environment dependency提供相同或相似的依赖？

其他信息：

根据我的理解，资产管道的工作方式是针对每个会话，它会捆绑路径（因此当您键入类似application.js file的内容时，rails会在资产管道中定义这些路径，并将其提供给用户。由于Backbone是客户端渲染，它需要知道从rails服务器传递页面后图像和声音的路径，我发现的唯一方法是上面列出的要点，它捆绑了“资产” “对于JS，一种类似于<%= link_to 'Sign in', new_user_path %>的方法，它为页面提供了全局变量。我当然是在新的理由上进行，并且可以进行重组，但是它可以在gem 'gon'模式下工作，所以我是试图找出dev。

Answer 1

在heroku资产预编译期间，您无法使用Rails环境。因为它们被制作一次并且不再刷新，所以告诉下一次部署。话虽如此。您应该将与动态数据库相关的调用移动到视图中，并通过API调用或通过在json中的dom中编写Javascript ton脚本标记来“引导”数据来呈现数据。我通常有window.NAME_OF_APPLICATION.collections.SONGS所以我们可以在全局范围内使用它们。

实施例。

:javascript
  window.lineItems = {lineItems: #{ @order.line_items.order("position").to_json( :include => :department).html_safe}, order: #{@order.to_json} }

当Backbone上线时，它会调用这些项目。并为他们初始化一个集合。

Answer 2

@ burningpony上面接受的答案并不完全正确。

如果您使用labs插件，则在heroku资产预编译期间，Rails环境可用：

https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/labs-user-env-compile

在Rails配置上设计Backbone Heroku和require.js

2 个答案: