通过out参数处理错误会导致内存泄漏吗?

时间:2013-02-28 22:12:24

标签: c++ memory-leaks error-handling

我目前正在学习/使用c ++,但我来自Java背景,所以如果这是一个愚蠢的问题我会道歉。下面是一些代码,表示我处理外部API生成的错误的方式。但是,当我为错误处理输出参数赋值时,我不确定它是否会导致内存泄漏。

class ExceptionHandler {

private:
    std::string _msg;
    int _code;

public:
    ExceptionHandler(std::string msg = "", int code = 0) : 
         _msg(msg),
         _code(code)
    {
    }

    int code() {
        return _code;
    }
    std::string msg() {
        return _msg;
    }

}

 //This method returns true if it was executed with no errors
 //It returns false if an error occurred

    bool foo(ExceptionHandler * errHandler = NULL) {

        int sts; 

        //The API functions return 0 if completed successfully
        //else they returns some error code

        sts = some_api_func1();

        if(sts != 0) { //An error occurred!
            if(errHandler) {
                ExceptionHandler handler("Error from func1",sts);
                *errHandler = handler; //<--- Will this cause a memory leak since I would be losing errHandler's original value??
            }
            return false;
        }

        //My motivation for using exception handling this way is that I can 
        //set the handler's message based on what part it failed at and the 
        //code associated with it, like below:

        sts = some_api_func2();

        if(sts != 0) { //An error occurred!
            if(errHandler) {
                ExceptionHandler handler("Error from func2",sts); //<--- Different err message
                *errHandler = handler; //<--- But does this cause a memory leak?
            }
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }


//Main method

int main() {
    ExceptionHandler handler;

    if(!foo(&handler)) {

        std::cout << "An exception occurred: (" << handler.code() << ") " << handler.msg() << std::endl;

    } else {

        std::cout << "Success!" << std::endl;

    }


}
  • 如果发生错误,方法'foo()'是否会导致内存泄漏?

  • 如果是这样,我该如何解决?如果没有,为什么不呢?

  • 这是处理错误的好方法吗?

提前谢谢!

修改

我已经了解到上面的代码不会产生内存泄漏,但是下面的代码是处理错误的更好方法(谢谢大家!):

void foo() {

    int sts;

    sts = some_api_func1();


    if(sts != 0) 
        throw ExceptionHandler("Error at func1",sts);

    sts = some_api_func2();

    if(sts != 0)
        throw ExceptionHandler("Error at func2",sts);
}

int main() {

    try {
        foo();
        std::cout << "Success!";
    } catch(ExceptionHandler &e) { //<--- Catch by reference
        std::cout << "Exception: (" << e.code() << ") " << e.msg();
    }


}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

ExceptionHandler handler;
if (!foo(&handler)) {
    //...
}

定义一个具有自动存储持续时间的对象,其地址被传递到foo函数。顺便说一句,如果你知道你总是将一个参数传递给函数,那么通过引用而不是指针传递它。

bool foo(ExceptionHandler * errHandler = NULL) {
    ExceptionHandler handler("Error in foo", 1);
    *errHandler = handler;
}

还会创建另一个具有自动存储持续时间的ExceptionHandler实例,因此一旦执行超出范围,此对象就会被销毁。但是没关系,因为*errHandler = handler;使用默认赋值运算符,它将handler的数据成员的值复制到errHandler指向的对象中,因此没有内存泄漏,在这种情况下。

  

“这是处理错误的好方法吗?”

没有。这不是处理错误的正确方法。请改用例外。只是确保你最终不会滥用异常作为通过程序传递数据的另一种方式。所以我建议你也看一下:Why should exceptions be used conservatively?

其他相关问题:
Is there a general consensus in the C++ community on when exceptions should be used?
"We do not use C++ exceptions" — What's the alternative? Let it crash?


一旦您决定使用例外,请确保 按价值投掷并通过引用引用

if (...)
    throw MyException(...);

和某处:

try {
    ...
} catch (MyException& e) {
    ...
}