使用PHP中的位

时间:2013-02-27 09:42:39

标签: php binary

假设我想在PHP中存储8个单词的序列,我不想使用压缩。

由于只有8个单词,我可以为每个单词分配一个二进制值,然后将这些二进制值存储在一个文件中,而不是ascii单词。

可能的二进制值为:

000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111

解析会更有效率,因为:(1)每个单词现在大小相同,(2)它占用的空间要少得多。

我的问题是:

我怎样才能在PHP中执行此操作?如何将二进制值分配给某个东西,然后将其写入文件(将这些位写入我想要的位置),然后再读回来?

我想这样做的原因是创建一个有效的索引系统。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

首先,如果你想压缩数据,请使用php内置函数,就像gzip扩展名一样。

但正如您所要求的那样,我已经准备了一个如何在PHP中完成此操作的示例。它并不完美,只是一个简单的实现。如果我使用每个整数的位30和32之间的间隙,压缩率可能会更好。也许会添加这个功能...但是我使用32位无符号整数来支持字节,因为损失是每32位2位而不是每字节2位。

首先,我们准备包含关系词=>的查找表。十进制数,其编码表:

<?php

// coding table
$lookupTable = array (
//  'word0' => chr(0), // reserved for 0 byte gap in last byte
    'word1' => chr(1),
    'word2' => chr(2),
    'word3' => chr(3),
    'word4' => chr(4),
    'word5' => chr(5),
    'word6' => chr(6),
    // reserve one word for white space
    ' ' => chr(7)
);

然后是压缩函数:

/**
 *
 */
function _3bit_compress($text, $lookupTable) {

    echo 'before compression                  : ' . strlen($text) . ' chars', PHP_EOL;

    // first step is one byte compression using the lookup table
    $text = strtr($text, $lookupTable);
    echo 'after one byte per word compression : ' . strlen($text) . ' chars', PHP_EOL;

    $bin = ''; // the result
    $carrier = 0; // 32 bit usingned int can 'carry' 10 words in 3 bit notation

    for($c = 0; $c < strlen($text); $c++) {
        $triplet = $c % 10;
        // every 30 bits we add the 4byte unsigned integer to $bin.
        // please read the manual of pack
        if($triplet === 0 && $carrier !== 0) {
            $bin .= pack('N', $carrier);
            $carrier = 0;
        }

        $char = $text[$c];
        $carrier  <<= 3; // make space for the the next 3 bits
        $carrier += ord($char); // add the next 3 bit pattern
        // echo $carrier, ' added ' . ord($char), PHP_EOL;
    }
    $bin .= pack('N', $carrier); // don't forget the remaining bits
    echo 'after 3 bit compression             : ' . strlen($bin) . ' chars', PHP_EOL;
    return $bin;
}

减压功能:

/**
 *
 */
function _3_bit_uncompress($compressed, $lookupTable) {
    $len = strlen($compressed);
    echo 'compressed length:            : ' . $len . ' chars', PHP_EOL;

    $i = 0;
    $tmp = '';
    $text = '';
    // unpack string as 4byte unsigned integer
    foreach(unpack('N*', $compressed) as $carrier) {
        while($i < 10) {
            $code = $carrier & 7; // get the next code
            // echo $carrier . ' ' . $code, PHP_EOL;
            $tmp = chr($code) . $tmp;
            $i++;
            $carrier >>= 3; // shift forward to the next 3 bits
        }
        $i = 0;
        $text = $text . $tmp;
        $tmp = '';
    }
    // reverse translate from decimal codes to words
    return strtr($text, array_flip($lookupTable));
}

现在是测试功能的时候了:)

$original = <<<EOF
word1 word2 word3 word4 word5 word6 word1 word3 word3  word2
EOF;


$compressed = _3bit_compress($original, $lookupTable);
$restored = _3_bit_uncompress($compressed, $lookupTable);

echo 'compressed size: ' . round(strlen($compressed) * 100 / strlen($original), 2) . '%', PHP_EOL;

echo 'Message before compression  : ' . $original, PHP_EOL;
echo 'Message after decompression : ' . $restored, PHP_EOL;

该示例应该为您提供:

before compression                  : 60 chars
after one byte per word compression : 20 chars
after 3 bit compression             : 8 chars
compressed length:            : 8 chars
compressed size: 13,33%
Message before compression  : word1 word2 word3 word4 word5 word6 word1 word3 word3  word2
Message after decompression : word1 word2 word3 word4 word5 word6 word1 word3 word3  word2

如果我们使用loooong单词进行测试,压缩率当然会变得更好:

before compression                  : 112 chars
after one byte per word compression : 16 chars
after 3 bit compression             : 8 chars
compressed length:            : 8 chars
compressed size: 7,14%
Message before compression  : wooooooooord1 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord3 wooooooooord1 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord3 
Message after decompression : wooooooooord1 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord3 wooooooooord1 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord2 wooooooooord3