Question

在PEP 3107和this SO answer中暗示Python3K函数注释和装饰符合手和手套 - 我应该能够编写一个与函数属性一起工作的装饰器。

我无法想象如何使它们像我期望的那样工作。

考虑：

def verbose(lcls):
    def wrap(f):
        print('inside wrap')
        def wf(*args):
            print('inside wf')
            print('lcls in wf:',lcls)
            print('locals in wf:',locals())
            print('wf annotations:',wf.__annotations__)
            print('xYx annotations:',xXy.__annotations__)
            r=f(*args)
            print('after f(*args)')
            return r
        return wf
    return wrap           

@verbose(locals())    
def xXy(x: 'x in x\'s', y: 'y in Y\'s') -> ('x times y','in x and y units'):
    print('locals in xXy:',locals())
    return x*y

xy=xXy(10,3)    
print(xy)

打印：

inside wrap
inside wf
lcls in wf: {'xXy': <function verbose.<locals>.wrap.<locals>.wf at 0x109767ef0>, '__doc__': None, 'verbose': <function verbose at 0x109767050>, '__cached__': None, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins'>, '__package__': None, '__file__': '/private/var/folders/gx/gqtmx9mn7b75pk1gfy0m9w3w0000gp/T/Cleanup At Startup/test-383453350.857.txt', '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x10959ac10>, '__name__': '__main__'} 
locals in wf: {'f': <function xXy at 0x109767e60>, 'args': (10, 3), 'lcls': {'xXy': <function verbose.<locals>.wrap.<locals>.wf at 0x109767ef0>, '__doc__': None, 'verbose': <function verbose at 0x109767050>, '__cached__': None, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins'>, '__package__': None, '__file__': '/private/var/folders/gx/gqtmx9mn7b75pk1gfy0m9w3w0000gp/T/Cleanup At Startup/test-383453350.857.txt', '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x10959ac10>, '__name__': '__main__'}, 'wf': <function verbose.<locals>.wrap.<locals>.wf at 0x109767ef0>}
wf annotations: {}
xYx annotations: {}
locals in xXy: {'y': 3, 'x': 10}
after f(*args)
30

这一行显示的是我无法看到如何在装饰器中的xXy或xXy的函数属性中访问x和y的值。

我喜欢做的事情是1）有一个带有PEP 3107中指定的注释的函数，2）能够拥有一个可以访问函数注释的装饰器和函数的值调用时不仅仅是xXy函数签名的克隆。

Answer 1

我相信您正在寻找functools.wraps()：

def verbose(lcls):
    def wrap(f):
        print('inside wrap')
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wf(*args):
            print('inside wf')
            print('lcls in wf:',lcls)
            print('locals in wf:',locals())
            print('wf annotations:',wf.__annotations__)
            print('xYx annotations:',xXy.__annotations__)
            r=f(*args)
            print('after f(*args)')
            return r
        return wf
    return wrap

这是一个简单的装饰器，可以确保包装函数携带它包装的函数的属性。

Answer 2

3.3版中的新功能，inspect.signature()将允许您在函数装饰器中获取所需的信息。这是一个使用它来打印每次调用装饰函数时传递的参数名称和值以及访问相关注释的示例：

import functools
import inspect

def verbose(wrapped):
    @functools.wraps(wrapped)  # optional - make wrapper look like wrapped
    def wrapper(*args):
        print('inside wrapper:')
        fsig = inspect.signature(wrapped)
        parameters = ', '.join('{}={}'.format(*pair)
                               for pair in zip(fsig.parameters, args))
        print('  wrapped call to {}({})'.format(wrapped.__name__, parameters))
        for parameter in fsig.parameters.values():
            print("  {} param's annotation: {!r}".format(parameter.name,
                                                         parameter.annotation))
        result = wrapped(*args)
        print('  returning {!r} with annotation: {!r}'.format(result,
                                                         fsig.return_annotation))
        return result
    return wrapper

@verbose
def xXy(x: 'x in X\'s', y: 'y in Y\'s') -> ('x times y','in X and Y units'):
    return x*y

xy = xXy(10, 3)
print('xXy(10, 3) -> {!r}'.format(xy))

输出：

inside wrapper:
  wrapped call to xXy(x=10, y=3)
  x param's annotation: "x in X's"
  y param's annotation: "y in Y's"
  returning 30 with annotation: ('x times y', 'in X and Y units')
xXy(10, 3) -> 30

具有功能注释的装饰器

2 个答案: