Question

我正在尝试以编程方式修改excel文件（xlsx）。我可以成功解压缩，根据需要修改xml，然后重新压缩。但是，每次打开excel时都会收到警告，即使它确实读取了文件。我认为错误是由于使用的压缩方法。这是我能得到的最接近的一个例子：

解压

7z x original.xlsx -o./decomp_xlsx

..做一些事情..

压缩

7z a -tzip new ./decomp_xlsx/*

重命名

mv ./new.zip ./new.xlsx

我得到的错误是：Excel在'new.xlsx'中找到了不可读的内容。你想恢复这个工作簿的内容吗？如果您信任此工作簿的来源，请单击“是”。

来自ECMA-376-2办公室开放格式第2部分（包装约定）支持的压缩算法是DEFLATE，如.ZIP规范中所述。包实现者不得使用除DEFLATE之外的任何压缩算法。

那么，我需要在7z或其他Linux兼容程序中使用哪些开关才能在没有警告的情况下完成工作？我已经尝试删除-tzip并使用-m0 = COPY，但excel甚至无法从那个恢复。

所以这是zip程序和zipinfo的结果。我猜我不会找到一个工具来做这个，除了下面提供的工具，所以我要奖励那个答案，看看我是否可以找人翻译成python进行测试。我不确定它是否处理了4.5 / 3.0，然后b- / tx或defS / defF之间的差异。

$ zipinfo original.xlsx
Archive:  original.xlsx
Zip file size: 228039 bytes, number of entries: 20
-rw----     4.5 fat     1969 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 [Content_Types].xml
-rw----     4.5 fat      588 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 _rels/.rels
-rw----     4.5 fat     1408 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels
-rw----     4.5 fat      908 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/workbook.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat    35772 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet4.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat      322 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/_rels/sheet4.xml.rels
-rw----     4.5 fat      322 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/_rels/sheet1.xml.rels
-rw----     4.5 fat   230959 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet2.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat   263127 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet3.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat   295775 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat     1947 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/sharedStrings.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat    22698 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/styles.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat     7079 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/theme/theme1.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat      220 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/printerSettings/printerSettings2.bin
-rw----     4.5 fat   464247 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/externalLinks/externalLink1.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat      338 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/externalLinks/_rels/externalLink1.xml.rels
-rw----     4.5 fat      220 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/printerSettings/printerSettings1.bin
-rw----     4.5 fat      593 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 docProps/core.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat    62899 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/calcChain.xml
-rw----     4.5 fat     1031 b- defS 80-Jan-01 00:00 docProps/app.xml
20 files, 1392422 bytes uncompressed, 223675 bytes compressed:  83.9%

$ zipinfo new.xlsx
Archive:  new.xlsx
Zip file size: 233180 bytes, number of entries: 20
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx     1031 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 docProps/app.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      593 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 docProps/core.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx    62899 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/calcChain.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx   464247 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/externalLinks/externalLink1.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      338 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/externalLinks/_rels/externalLink1.xml.rels
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      220 bx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/printerSettings/printerSettings1.bin
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      220 bx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/printerSettings/printerSettings2.bin
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx     1947 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/sharedStrings.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx    22698 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/styles.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx     7079 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/theme/theme1.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      908 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/workbook.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx   295775 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx   230959 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet2.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx   263127 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet3.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx    35772 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/sheet4.xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      322 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/_rels/sheet1.xml.rels
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      322 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/worksheets/_rels/sheet4.xml.rels
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx     1408 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx     1969 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 [Content_Types].xml
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      588 tx defF 80-Jan-01 00:00 _rels/.rels
20 files, 1392422 bytes uncompressed, 229608 bytes compressed:  83.5%

Answer 1

出于某种奇怪的原因，Microsoft正在查看本地文件头和中心目录头中的“需要提取的版本”中的操作系统编码。它希望那些为零，但7z为Unix设置为3。如果您打算使用7z，那么您需要修补生成的文件。

这个程序会这样做：

/* needz.c - zero the operating system byte for "version needed to extract" in
   the local and central headers of the zip files given on the command line.
   Placed in the public domain by Mark Adler, 23 Feb 2013. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void bail(char *why, char *what)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "needz error: %s%s\n", why, what);
    exit(1);
}

/* Read len bytes from offset as a little-endian integer.  Negative offsets are
   considered to be from the end of the file. */
static unsigned long peek(FILE *stream, off_t offset, int len)
{
    int ret, shift;
    unsigned long val;

    ret = fseeko(stream, offset, offset < 0 ? SEEK_END : SEEK_SET);
    if (ret)
        bail("not a zip file", "");
    val = 0;
    shift = 0;
    while (len--) {
        ret = getc(stream);
        if (ret == EOF)
            bail("not a zip file", "");
        val += (unsigned long)ret << shift;
        shift += 8;
    }
    return val;
}

/* Write len bytes to offset from val as a little-endian integer.  Negative
   offsets are considered to be from the end of the file. */
static void poke(FILE *stream, off_t offset, int len, unsigned long val)
{
    int ret;

    ret = fseeko(stream, offset, offset < 0 ? SEEK_END : SEEK_SET);
    if (ret)
        bail("not a zip file", "");
    while (len--) {
        ret = putc(val, stream);
        if (ret == EOF)
            bail("could not write", "");
        val >>= 8;
    }
}

/* Zero out the OS byte in the extract fields.  This assumes the classic zip
   format (not Zip64), and no zip file comment. */
static void zip_zero_os(char *path)
{
    FILE *zip;
    unsigned entries;
    off_t central, local;

    zip = fopen(path, "r+b");
    if (zip == NULL)
        bail("could not open", path);
    if (peek(zip, -22, 4) != 0x06054b50)
        bail(path, " is not a zip file or has an end comment");
    entries = peek(zip, -12, 2);
    central = peek(zip, -6, 4);
    while (entries--) {
        if (peek(zip, central, 4) != 0x02014b50)
            bail(path, " has a structure error or is Zip64");
        poke(zip, central + 7, 1, 0);
        local = peek(zip, central + 42, 4);
        if (peek(zip, local, 4) != 0x04034b50)
            bail(path, " has a structure error or is Zip64");
        poke(zip, local + 5, 1, 0);
        central += 46 + peek(zip, central + 28, 2) +
                   peek(zip, central + 30, 2) + peek(zip, central + 32, 2);
    }
    if (fclose(zip) == EOF)
        bail("could not close ", path);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    while (--argc)
        zip_zero_os(*++argv);
    return 0;
}

Answer 2

您可以改用系统zip和unzip。我经常使用以下内容。

将xlsx文件解压缩到目录：

$ unzip -o -d xlsx_dir Workbook1.xlsx
Archive:  Workbook1.xlsx
  inflating: xlsx_dir/[Content_Types].xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/_rels/.rels    
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/workbook.xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/sharedStrings.xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/theme/theme1.xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/styles.xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml  
 extracting: xlsx_dir/docProps/thumbnail.jpeg  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/docProps/core.xml  
  inflating: xlsx_dir/docProps/app.xml

然后修改一个或多个XML文件并重新压缩它们：

$ cd xlsx_dir

# Do something with the files like:
$ sed -i '' s/Foo/Bar/ xl/sharedStrings.xml     

$ find . -type f | xargs zip ../newfile.xlsx

目录中的find|zip非常漂亮，但它生成的文件结构与原始文件相匹配，没有额外的路径剥离。

xlsx的压缩方法，带7z

2 个答案: