将html id传递给javascript函数

时间:2013-02-21 02:44:22

标签: javascript html function variables

我正在学习JavaScript而且我不懂如何将ID从html传递到JavaScript函数。

我的CSS页面在这里有:

#quizclock(此处有属性)

在我的HTML页面上,我有一个javascript函数:

<script type="text/javascript">
    var seconds = 0;
    var clockId;

    function runClock()
    {
    seconds + 1;
    quizclock = seconds;  //right here is my problem.
    }

    function startClock()
    {
    showQuiz();
    runClock();
    setInterval("runClock()", 1000);
    }

    function stopClock()
    {
    clearInterval(runClock);
    gradeQuiz();
    return = correctAns;
    alert("You have " + correctAns + " correct out of 5 in " + quizclock + " seconds.");
    }
</script>

所以我需要在函数中使用id quizclock。有什么提示吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

我注意到您的代码存在其他一些问题,我已经对修复程序进行了评论,并添加了其他一些提示。

var seconds = 0;
var clockId;
var correctAns;

// Lets get a reference to the quizclock element and save it in
// a variable named quizclock
var quizclock = document.getElementById('quizclock');

function runClock() {
    // seconds + 1;
    // This calculates seconds + 1 and then throws it away,
    // you need to save it back in to the variable
    // You could do that with:
    // seconds = seconds + 1;
    // But it would be even better with the shorthand:
    seconds += 1;

    // set the HTML inside of the quizclock element to new time
    quizclock.innerHTML = seconds;
}

function startClock() {
    showQuiz();
    runClock();

    // setInterval("runClock()", 1000);
    // When using setInterval and setTimeout you generally just
    // want to directly pass it the function by name. Passing it
    // a string "runClock()" is in effect actually running
    // eval("runClock()"), eval should be avoided unless you
    // really need it.
    // setInterval returns a number which identifies the interval,
    // you need to save that number, you'll need it when you
    // call clearInterval
    clockId = setInterval(runClock, 1000);
}

function stopClock() {
    // clearInterval takes the id that setInterval
        // returned to clear the interval
    clearInterval(clockId);

    gradeQuiz();

    // you had this alert statment after the return statement,
    // it would have never run, return statements end the
    // function and anything after them is ignored
    alert("You have " + correctAns + " correct out of 5 in " +
        quizclock + " seconds.");

    //return = correctAns;
    // the return statement doesn't need a =,
    // return = correctAns says set a variable named return to the
    // value of correctAns since return is a reserved word,
    // that should generate an error
    return correctAns;
}

一些有用的参考链接:

如果这是一个正式的类,你可能只需要使用基本的DOM方法来获取元素(getElementById等)。如果您只是自学,我会鼓励您学习DOM库。我建议jQuery,它是easy to learn,现在或多或少是事实上的标准。使用jQuery而不是document.getElementById('quizclock'),您可以执行此操作:$('#quizclock')。使用jQuery可以缩短代码,使不同浏览器之间的内容标准化,并有助于保护您免受这些浏览器中的错误的影响。

你现在只是一个初学者,在这样的小例子中你不必担心全局变量,但你应该知道使用太多变量通常是个坏主意。如果页面上的另一个函数也使用了名为seconds的全局变量,该怎么办?它可能会改变seconds并搞砸你的计时器。这有点进步,但避免这种情况的一种方法是将代码包装在self-invoking anonymous function中:

(function () {
    var seconds = 0;

    // inside here seconds is visible and can be used

}());

// outside seconds is not declared, it will return undefined.

不幸的是,内部的任何函数也不会在外部显示,因此通过onclick=附加它们是行不通的,但您可以(应该)使用DOM附加它们:

var submitButton = document.getElementById('submitanswers'); // you'll have to give the button an id
submitButton.addEventListener('click', stopClock, false);

同样,使用jQuery会使这更容易:

$('#submitanswers').on('click', stopClock);

同样,如果您使用jQuery,它已经强制您将代码包装在一个函数中,该函数将使变量不在globalnamespace中:

$(document).ready(function () {
    var seconds;
    // again seconds is visible here
});

// but not here

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您可以选择一个元素:

var quizclock = document.getElementById('quizclock');

然后,您可以使用以下内容设置值:

quizclock.innerHTML = seconds;