彩色Ruby输出

Question

是否有宝石为终端输出执行背景和前景文本着色？

我记得，在编写Pascal时，我们都习惯使用textcolor(...)程序来使我们的小型教育程序看起来更漂亮和表现。

Ruby中有类似内容吗？

Answer 1

Colorize是我最喜欢的宝石！ ： - ）

检查出来：

https://github.com/fazibear/colorize

安装：

gem install colorize

用法：

require 'colorize'

puts "I am now red".red
puts "I am now blue".blue
puts "Testing".yellow

Answer 2

结合上面的答案，你可以实现类似gem colorize的东西，而不需要另外的依赖。

class String
  # colorization
  def colorize(color_code)
    "\e[#{color_code}m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def red
    colorize(31)
  end

  def green
    colorize(32)
  end

  def yellow
    colorize(33)
  end

  def blue
    colorize(34)
  end

  def pink
    colorize(35)
  end

  def light_blue
    colorize(36)
  end
end

Answer 3

作为String类方法（仅限unix）：

class String
def black;          "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m" end
def red;            "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m" end
def green;          "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m" end
def brown;          "\e[33m#{self}\e[0m" end
def blue;           "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m" end
def magenta;        "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m" end
def cyan;           "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m" end
def gray;           "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" end

def bg_black;       "\e[40m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_red;         "\e[41m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_green;       "\e[42m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_brown;       "\e[43m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_blue;        "\e[44m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_magenta;     "\e[45m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_cyan;        "\e[46m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_gray;        "\e[47m#{self}\e[0m" end

def bold;           "\e[1m#{self}\e[22m" end
def italic;         "\e[3m#{self}\e[23m" end
def underline;      "\e[4m#{self}\e[24m" end
def blink;          "\e[5m#{self}\e[25m" end
def reverse_color;  "\e[7m#{self}\e[27m" end
end

和用法：

puts "I'm back green".bg_green
puts "I'm red and back cyan".red.bg_cyan
puts "I'm bold and green and backround red".bold.green.bg_red

在我的控制台上：

附加：

def no_colors
  self.gsub /\e\[\d+m/, ""
end

删除格式化字符

注意

puts "\e[31m" # set format (red foreground)
puts "\e[0m"   # clear format
puts "green-#{"red".red}-green".green # will be green-red-normal, because of \e[0

Answer 4

根据Erik Skoglund和其他人的回答，我写了一个测试基本颜色模式的方法。

#outputs color table to console, regular and bold modes
def colortable
  names = %w(black red green yellow blue pink cyan white default)
  fgcodes = (30..39).to_a - [38]

  s = ''
  reg  = "\e[%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
  bold = "\e[1;%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
  puts '                       color table with these background codes:'
  puts '          40       41       42       43       44       45       46       47       49'
  names.zip(fgcodes).each {|name,fg|
    s = "#{fg}"
    puts "%7s "%name + "#{reg}  #{bold}   "*9 % [fg,40,s,fg,40,s,  fg,41,s,fg,41,s,  fg,42,s,fg,42,s,  fg,43,s,fg,43,s,  
      fg,44,s,fg,44,s,  fg,45,s,fg,45,s,  fg,46,s,fg,46,s,  fg,47,s,fg,47,s,  fg,49,s,fg,49,s ]
  }
end

示例输出：

Answer 5

您可以使用ANSI转义序列在控制台上执行此操作。我知道这适用于Linux和OSX，我不确定Windows控制台（cmd）是否支持ANSI。

我用Java做过，但想法是一样的。

//foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT()   { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT()     { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT()   { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT()   { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT()    { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT()    { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT()    { return "\033[37m";}

//background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK()   { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK()     { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK()   { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK()   { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK()    { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK()    { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK()   { return "\033[47m";}

//ANSI control chars
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON()      { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON()     { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON()   { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF()     { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF()    { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF()  { return "\033[27m";}

Answer 6

虽然其他答案对大多数人来说都能正常工作，但应该提到“正确”的Unix方式。由于所有类型的文本终端都不支持这些序列，因此您可以查询 terminfo 数据库，这是对各种文本终端功能的抽象。这似乎主要是历史兴趣 - 当今使用的软件终端通常支持ANSI序列 - 但它确实（至少）有一个实际效果：有时能够将环境变量TERM设置为{ {1}}以避免所有此类样式，例如将输出保存到文本文件时。此外，做事正确感觉很好。 :-)

您可以使用ruby-terminfo gem。它需要一些C编译才能安装;我能够在我的Ubuntu 14.10系统下安装它：

dumb

然后您可以像这样查询数据库（请参阅terminfo man page以获取可用代码的列表）：

$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
$ gem install ruby-terminfo --user-install

这是一个小的包装类，我把它放在一起使事情变得更简单一些。

require 'terminfo' 
TermInfo.control("bold")
puts "Bold text"
TermInfo.control("sgr0")
puts "Back to normal."
puts "And now some " + TermInfo.control_string("setaf", 1) + 
     "red" + TermInfo.control_string("sgr0") + " text."

用法：

require 'terminfo'

class Style
  def self.style() 
    @@singleton ||= Style.new
  end

  colors = %w{black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white}
  colors.each_with_index do |color, index|
    define_method(color) { get("setaf", index) }
    define_method("bg_" + color) { get("setab", index) }
  end

  def bold()  get("bold")  end
  def under() get("smul")  end
  def dim()   get("dim")   end
  def clear() get("sgr0")  end

  def get(*args)
    begin
      TermInfo.control_string(*args)
    rescue TermInfo::TermInfoError
      ""
    end
  end
end

（编辑）最后，如果你不想要一个gem，你可以依赖c = Style.style C = c.clear puts "#{c.red}Warning:#{C} this is #{c.bold}way#{C} #{c.bg_red}too much #{c.cyan + c.under}styling#{C}!" puts "#{c.dim}(Don't you think?)#{C}" 程序，as described here - Ruby例子：

tput

Answer 7

我做了这个方法可能有所帮助。这不是什么大问题但是有效：

def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
    colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
     "cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
      "light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
    bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
     "purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
     "yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
    color_code = colors[color]
    bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
    return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end

以下是如何使用它：

puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"

可能的改进可能是：

每次调用方法时都会定义
• colors和bgColors，并且它们不会更改。
• 添加其他选项，例如bold，underline，dim等。

此方法不适用于p，因为p对其参数执行了inspect。例如：

p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"

将显示“\ e [0; 38mHello World \ e [0m”

我使用puts，print和Logger gem测试了它，它运行正常。

---

我改进了这个并创建了一个类，因此colors和bgColors是类常量，colorize是一个类方法：

编辑：更好的代码风格，定义常量而不是类变量，使用符号而不是字符串，添加了更多选项，如粗体，斜体等。

class Colorizator
    COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35',
                cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33',
                light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze
    BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44',
                   purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102',
                   yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze

    FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze

    def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options)
        colour_code = COLOURS[colour]
        bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour]
        font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys
        font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze
        return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';')
    end
end

您可以通过以下方式使用它：

Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true

Answer 8

我发现了一些：

http://github.com/ssoroka/ansi/tree/master

示例：

puts ANSI.color(:red) { "hello there" }
puts ANSI.color(:green) + "Everything is green now" + ANSI.no_color

http://flori.github.com/term-ansicolor/

示例：

print red, bold, "red bold", reset, "\n"
print red(bold("red bold")), "\n"
print red { bold { "red bold" } }, "\n"

http://github.com/sickill/rainbow

示例：

puts "this is red".foreground(:red) + " and " + "this on yellow bg".background(:yellow) + " and " + "even bright underlined!".underline.bright

如果您使用的是Windows，则可能需要执行“gem install win32console”以启用对颜色的支持。

如果您需要创建自己的gem，文章Colorizing console Ruby-script output也很有用。它解释了如何将ANSI着色添加到字符串。您可以使用此知识将其包装在扩展字符串或类似内容的某个类中。

Answer 9

这就是我在不需要任何宝石的情况下所做的工作：

def red(mytext) ; "\e[31m#{mytext}\e[0m" ; end
puts red("hello world")

然后只有引号中的文字有彩色，你就会回到定期安排的节目中。

Answer 10

这可能会对您有所帮助：Colorized ruby output

Answer 11

我发现上面的答案很有用，但是如果我想使用任何第三方库为日志输出而不使用着色，那么它就不合适了。以下为我解决了这个问题：

red = 31
green = 32
blue = 34

def color (color=blue)
  printf "\033[#{color}m";
  yield
  printf "\033[0m"
end

color { puts "this is blue" }
color(red) { logger.info "and this is red" }

我希望它有所帮助！