Question

如何在SQLAlchemy中测试查询？例如，假设我们有models.py

from sqlalchemy import (
        Column,
        Integer,
        String,
)
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()

class Panel(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'Panels'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    category = Column(Integer, nullable=False)
    platform = Column(String, nullable=False)
    region = Column(String, nullable=False)

    def __init__(self, category, platform, region):
        self.category = category
        self.platform = platform
        self.region = region


    def __repr__(self):
        return (
            "<Panel('{self.category}', '{self.platform}', "
            "'{self.region}')>".format(self=self)
        )

和tests.py

import unittest

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

from models import Base, Panel


class TestQuery(unittest.TestCase):

    engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
    Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = Session()

    def setUp(self):
        Base.metadata.create_all(self.engine)
        self.session.add(Panel(1, 'ion torrent', 'start'))
        self.session.commit()

    def tearDown(self):
        Base.metadata.drop_all(self.engine)

    def test_query_panel(self):
        expected = [Panel(1, 'ion torrent', 'start')]
        result = self.session.query(Panel).all()
        self.assertEqual(result, expected)

当我们尝试运行测试时，它会失败，即使两个面板看起来完全相同。

$ nosetests
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_query_panel (tests.TestQuery)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/clasher/tmp/tests.py", line 31, in test_query_panel
    self.assertEqual(result, expected)
AssertionError: Lists differ: [<Panel('1', 'ion torrent', 's... != [<Panel('1', 'ion torrent', 's...

First differing element 0:
<Panel('1', 'ion torrent', 'start')>
<Panel('1', 'ion torrent', 'start')>

  [<Panel('1', 'ion torrent', 'start')>, <Panel('2', 'ion torrent', 'end')>]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.063s

FAILED (failures=1)

我发现的一个解决方案是对我希望在查询中找到的每个实例进行查询：

class TestQuery(unittest.TestCase):

    ...

    def test_query_panel(self):
        expected = [
            (1, 'ion torrent', 'start'),
            (2, 'ion torrent', 'end')
        ]
        successful = True
        # Check to make sure every expected item is in the query
        try:
            for category, platform, region in expected:
                self.session.query(Panel).filter_by(
                        category=category, platform=platform,
                        region=region).one()
        except (NoResultFound, MultipleResultsFound):
            successful = False
        self.assertTrue(successful)
        # Check to make sure no unexpected items are in the query
        self.assertEqual(self.session.query(Panel).count(),
                         len(expected))

然而，这让我觉得非常难看，而且我甚至没有达到我正在尝试测试的复杂过滤查询的程度。是否有更优雅的解决方案，还是我总是需要手动制作一堆个别查询？

Answer 1

您的原始测试是在正确的轨道上，您只需执行以下两项操作之一：确保将同一主键标识的两个Panel对象与True进行比较：

class Panel(Base):
    # ...

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return isinstance(other, Panel) and other.id == self.id

或者您可以组织测试，以确保您检查相同的Panel实例（因为我们在这里利用identity map）：

class TestQuery(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
        self.session = Session(engine)
        Base.metadata.create_all(self.engine)
        self.panel = Panel(1, 'ion torrent', 'start')
        self.session.add(self.panel)
        self.session.commit()

    def tearDown(self):
        Base.metadata.drop_all(self.engine)

    def test_query_panel(self):
        expected = [self.panel]
        result = self.session.query(Panel).all()
        self.assertEqual(result, expected)

就引擎/会话设置/拆卸而言，我会选择一种模式，在这种模式下，您可以使用单个引擎进行所有测试，并假设您的模式已修复，所有测试都采用单一模式，那么您需要确保您使用的数据在可以回滚的事务中执行。可以使Session以这种方式工作，这样调用commit()实际上不会提交“真实”事务，方法是将整个测试包装在显式Transaction中。 https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/session_transaction.html#joining-a-session-into-an-external-transaction-such-as-for-test-suites的示例说明了这种用法。在每个测试夹具上都有一个“：memory：”引擎会占用大量内存，而不是真正扩展到除SQLite之外的其他数据库。

SQLAlchemy中Query的单元测试

1 个答案: