我想将以下SQL代码从MS SQL-Server移植到PostgreSQL。
DECLARE @iStartYear integer
DECLARE @iStartMonth integer
DECLARE @iEndYear integer
DECLARE @iEndMonth integer
SET @iStartYear = 2012
SET @iStartMonth = 4
SET @iEndYear = 2016
SET @iEndMonth = 1
;WITH CTE
AS
(
SELECT
--@iStartYear AS TheStartYear
@iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth
,@iStartYear AS TheYear
,@iStartMonth AS TheMonth
UNION ALL
SELECT
--CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear
--@iStartYear AS TheStartYear
CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth
--,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
FROM CTE
WHERE (1=1)
AND
(
CASE
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear
WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear
THEN 1
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear
WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear
THEN
CASE
WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= @iEndMonth
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
ELSE 0
END = 1
)
)
SELECT * FROM CTE
这是我到目前为止所做的。
DO $$
DECLARE r record;
DECLARE i integer;
DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;
DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;
DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
i:= 5;
--RAISE NOTICE 'test'
--RAISE NOTICE 'test1' || 'test2';
__mytext := 'Test message';
--RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';
--SQL Standard: "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
--PostgreSQL short-hand: "value::text"
__mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
__mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
__iStartYear := 2012;
__iStartMonth := 4;
__iEndYear := 2016;
__iEndMonth := 1;
--PERFORM 'abc';
SELECT 'abc';
-- SELECT __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth;
-- RAISE NOTICE 'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
-- FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
-- LOOP
-- EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
--END LOOP;
END$$;
正如您所看到的,当想要使用加注通知功能进行“打印”时,我遇到了一些问题。但我设法通过谷歌解决这个问题。
从以前的经验来看,我可以说使用CTE的Postgres语法非常相似我只需要在CTE之前添加一个递归,所以唯一真正的问题是我必须定义一些变量,我需要做一些变量块。
从这个结果我得到的简单问题:
如何在do块中“执行”选择查询?
我希望在pgAdmin3的“数据输出”选项卡中看到结果
我不想创建一个函数。
答案 0 :(得分:24)
DO
命令与PL / pgSQL函数 DO
命令不返回行。你可以发送NOTICES
或RAISE
其他消息(使用语言plpgsql),或者你可以写一个(临时)表,然后从SELECT
写一下来解决这个问题。
但实际上,您应该create a (plpgsql) function代替,您可以通过各种方式定义包含RETURNS
clause or OUT
/ INOUT
parameters和return from the function的返回类型。
如果您不希望保存该功能并且可以看到其他连接,请考虑&#34;临时&#34;功能,这是一个没有记录但很成熟的功能:
generate_series()
手头的问题对于手头的问题,您似乎不需要任何。请改用此简单查询:
SELECT row_number() OVER () AS running_month
,extract('year' FROM m) AS year
,extract('month' FROM m) AS month
FROM generate_series('2012-04-01'::date
,'2016-01-01'::date
,'1 month'::interval) m;
这就是全部。
答案 1 :(得分:6)
这里有关于Erwin建议的临时表的解决方法的更多细节,这应该是问题的真正答案,因为这个问题更适合于“在开发过程中,如何快速编写带有选择的代码块和看到结果“比解决这个实际的查询(从一开始的基础问题是”如何快速开发/调试表值函数“)。
虽然我必须说我想对generate_series部分进行100次投票;)
可以将结果选择到临时表中,
并从do块外的临时表中选择,
像这样:
DO $$
DECLARE r record;
DECLARE i integer;
DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;
DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;
DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
i:= 5;
-- Using Raise:
-- http://www.java2s.com/Code/PostgreSQL/Postgre-SQL/UsingRAISENOTICE.htm
--RAISE NOTICE 'test'
--RAISE NOTICE 'test1' || 'test2';
__mytext := 'Test message';
--RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
RAISE NOTICE '%', 'arg1' || 'arg2';
RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';
--SQL Standard: "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
--PostgreSQL short-hand: "value::text"
__mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
__mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
__iStartYear := 2012;
__iStartMonth := 4;
__iEndYear := 2016;
__iEndMonth := 1;
--PERFORM 'abc';
--CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS SELECT * FROM orig_table;
--DROP TABLE table_name CASCADE;
--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_name CASCADE;
--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl;
--CREATE TEMP TABLE tbl AS SELECT 1 as a,2 as b,3 as c;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mytable;
CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS
WITH RECURSIVE CTE
AS
(
SELECT
--__iStartYear AS TheStartYear
__iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth
,__iStartYear AS TheYear
,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth
UNION ALL
SELECT
--CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear
--__iStartYear AS TheStartYear
CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth
--,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
FROM CTE
WHERE (1=1)
AND
(
CASE
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear
WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear
THEN 1
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear
WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear
THEN
CASE
WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
ELSE 0
END = 1
)
)
SELECT * FROM CTE;
-- SELECT __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth;
--RAISE NOTICE 'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
--FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
--LOOP
-- EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
--END LOOP;
END$$;
SELECT * FROM mytable;
真正的基础是将查询快速转换为表值函数版本,看起来像这样。:
-- SELECT * FROM tfu_V_RPT_MonthList(2012,1,2013,4);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tfu_V_RPT_MonthList
(
__iStartYear integer
,__iStartMonth integer
,__iEndYear integer
,__iEndMonth integer
)
RETURNS TABLE(
TheRunningMonth integer
,TheYear integer
,TheMonth integer
) AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
-- Declare vars here
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY
WITH RECURSIVE CTE
AS
(
SELECT
--__iStartYear AS TheStartYear
__iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth
,__iStartYear AS TheYear
,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth
UNION ALL
SELECT
--CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear
--__iStartYear AS TheStartYear
CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth
--,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear
,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
FROM CTE
WHERE (1=1)
AND
(
CASE
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear
WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear
THEN 1
--WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear
WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear
THEN
CASE
WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
ELSE 0
END = 1
)
)
SELECT * FROM CTE ;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE
--ALTER FUNCTION dbo.tfu_v_dms_desktop(character varying) OWNER TO postgres;
顺便说一句,看看SQL-Server codebloat来实现这个目标:
SELECT
extract('year' FROM m) AS RPT_Year
-- http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-DATETIME-TABLE
--,to_char(m, 'TMmon')
--,to_char(m, 'TMmonth')
,to_char(m, 'Month') AS RPT_MonthName
,m AS RPT_MonthStartDate
,m + INTERVAL '1 month' - INTERVAL '1 day' AS RPT_MonthEndDate
FROM
(
SELECT
generate_series((2012::text || '-' || 4::text || '-01')::date, (2016::text || '-' || 1::text || '-01')::date, interval '1 month') AS m
) AS g
;
变成这样:
DECLARE @in_iStartYear integer
DECLARE @in_iStartMonth integer
DECLARE @in_iEndYear integer
DECLARE @in_iEndMonth integer
SET @in_iStartYear = 2012
SET @in_iStartMonth = 12
SET @in_iEndYear = 2016
SET @in_iEndMonth = 12
DECLARE @strOriginalLanguage AS nvarchar(200)
DECLARE @dtStartDate AS datetime
DECLARE @dtEndDate AS datetime
SET @strOriginalLanguage = (SELECT @@LANGUAGE)
SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iStartYear - 1900, 0)
SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iStartMonth -1, @dtStartDate)
SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iEndYear - 1900, 0)
SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iEndMonth -1, @dtEndDate)
SET LANGUAGE 'us_english'
;WITH CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd
AS
(
SELECT
YEAR(@dtStartDate) AS RPT_Year
,DATENAME(MONTH, @dtStartDate) AS RPT_MonthName
,@dtStartDate AS RPT_MonthStartDate
,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @dtStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthEndDate
UNION ALL
SELECT
YEAR(DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_Year
,DATENAME(MONTH, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthName
,DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) AS RPT_MonthStartDate
,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) ) AS RPT_MonthEndDate
FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd
WHERE DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) <= @dtEndDate
)
SELECT
RPT_Year
,RPT_MonthName
,RPT_MonthStartDate
,RPT_MonthEndDate
FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd
(感谢Erwin!);)
答案 2 :(得分:4)
要从DO
匿名代码块中获取记录,可以使用以下技术:
DO $$
DECLARE
_query text;
_cursor CONSTANT refcursor := '_cursor';
BEGIN
_query := 'SELECT * FROM table_name';
OPEN _cursor FOR EXECUTE _query;
END
$$;
FETCH ALL FROM _cursor;
通知
答案 3 :(得分:3)
这是一个不太偏离主题(恕我直言),可能会有所帮助...
我最近遇到了这个问题,我需要在事务中执行一些语句并返回一些(非常少的)数据,这些数据表明PHP脚本如何处理事务(受影响的记录和任何自定义错误代码)
坚持RAISE NOTICE和RAISE [EXCEPTION]范例,我发现最好在返回的NOTICE / EXCEPTION中返回一个JSON字符串。这样,所有PHP应用程序都需要使用pg_last_notice()或pg_last_error()来获取和解码JSON字符串。
e.g。
RAISE EXCEPTION '{"std_response":{"affected":%,"error":%}}', var_affected, var_error_id;
或
RAISE NOTICE '{"std_response":{"affected":%,"error":%}}', var_affected, var_error_id;
由于返回的名为“std_response”的JSON对象实际上是所有这些类型脚本的标准响应,因此编写单元测试非常容易,因为加载和执行SQL的包装函数将始终返回“std_response”可以测试它的值的对象。
只有在RAISE消息中返回TINY数据时才应使用此范例(尽管我已经看到多达96,000个字符以这种方式返回 - 不确定限制是多少)。 如果需要返回更大的数据集,则需要将结果集保存到表中,但至少您仍然可以使用此范例来准确隔离哪些记录属于被调用的SQL。即将数据放入具有UUID的表中,并在注释中返回UUID,如下所示:
RAISE NOTICE '{"table_name":{"affected":%,"uuid":%}}', var_affected, var_uuid;
关于这一点的好处在于,由于它仍然是结构化的,并且描述了从哪个表中选择数据,因此它也可以与应用程序中的单元测试一起使用。
(或者,您也可以使用Postgresql将结果集存储在memcache中,让应用程序从那里拾取数据集,这样您就不必处理磁盘I / O只是为了存储结果 - 设置应用程序将用于生成一些HTML,然后在脚本完成时立即丢弃)