如何在DO块中执行选择查询?

时间:2013-02-01 18:11:14

标签: sql postgresql plpgsql postgresql-9.1 generate-series

我想将以下SQL代码从MS SQL-Server移植到PostgreSQL。

DECLARE @iStartYear integer
DECLARE @iStartMonth integer

DECLARE @iEndYear integer
DECLARE @iEndMonth integer

SET @iStartYear = 2012
SET @iStartMonth = 4

SET @iEndYear = 2016
SET @iEndMonth = 1


;WITH CTE 
AS
(
    SELECT 
         --@iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         @iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
        ,@iStartYear AS TheYear  
        ,@iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

    SELECT 
         --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         --@iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
         --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
        ,@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
        ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
    FROM CTE 
    WHERE (1=1) 

    AND
    (
        CASE 
            --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear 
            WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear 
                THEN 1 
            --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear 
            WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear 
                THEN 
                    CASE 
                        WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= @iEndMonth 
                            THEN 1 
                        ELSE 0 
                    END 
            ELSE 0 
        END = 1 
    )
)
SELECT * FROM CTE 

这是我到目前为止所做的。

DO $$
    DECLARE r record;
    DECLARE i integer;

    DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
    DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;

    DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
    DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;

    DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
    i:= 5;

    --RAISE NOTICE  'test'
    --RAISE NOTICE  'test1' || 'test2';

    __mytext := 'Test message';
    --RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';

    --SQL Standard:  "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
    --PostgreSQL short-hand:  "value::text"
    __mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __iStartYear := 2012;
    __iStartMonth := 4;

    __iEndYear := 2016;
    __iEndMonth := 1;

    --PERFORM  'abc';
    SELECT 'abc';

    -- SELECT  __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth; 


    -- RAISE NOTICE  'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
    -- FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
    -- LOOP
    --  EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
    --END LOOP;
END$$;

正如您所看到的,当想要使用加注通知功能进行“打印”时,我遇到了一些问题。但我设法通过谷歌解决这个问题。

从以前的经验来看,我可以说使用CTE的Postgres语法非常相似我只需要在CTE之前添加一个递归,所以唯一真正的问题是我必须定义一些变量,我需要做一些变量块。

从这个结果我得到的简单问题:
如何在do块中“执行”选择查询? 我希望在pgAdmin3的“数据输出”选项卡中看到结果 我不想创建一个函数。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:24)

DO命令与PL / pgSQL函数

DO命令不返回行。你可以发送NOTICESRAISE其他消息(使用语言plpgsql),或者你可以写一个(临时)表,然后从SELECT写一下来解决这个问题。

但实际上,您应该create a (plpgsql) function代替,您可以通过各种方式定义包含RETURNS clause or OUT / INOUT parametersreturn from the function的返回类型。

如果您不希望保存该功能并且可以看到其他连接,请考虑&#34;临时&#34;功能,这是一个没有记录但很成熟的功能:

generate_series()手头的问题

对于手头的问题,您似乎不需要任何。请改用此简单查询:

SELECT row_number() OVER ()    AS running_month
      ,extract('year'  FROM m) AS year
      ,extract('month' FROM m) AS month
FROM   generate_series('2012-04-01'::date
                      ,'2016-01-01'::date
                      ,'1 month'::interval) m;

这就是全部。

答案 1 :(得分:6)

这里有关于Erwin建议的临时表的解决方法的更多细节,这应该是问题的真正答案,因为这个问题更适合于“在开发过程中,如何快速编写带有选择的代码块和看到结果“比解决这个实际的查询(从一开始的基础问题是”如何快速开发/调试表值函数“)。

虽然我必须说我想对generate_series部分进行100次投票;)

可以将结果选择到临时表中,
并从do块外的临时表中选择,
像这样:

DO $$
    DECLARE r record;
    DECLARE i integer;

    DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
    DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;


    DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
    DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;

    DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
    i:= 5;

    -- Using Raise:
    -- http://www.java2s.com/Code/PostgreSQL/Postgre-SQL/UsingRAISENOTICE.htm

    --RAISE NOTICE  'test'
    --RAISE NOTICE  'test1' || 'test2';


    __mytext := 'Test message';
    --RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', 'arg1' || 'arg2';
    RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';

    --SQL Standard:  "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
    --PostgreSQL short-hand:  "value::text"
    __mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __iStartYear := 2012;
    __iStartMonth := 4;

     __iEndYear := 2016;
     __iEndMonth := 1;

     --PERFORM  'abc';


     --CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS SELECT * FROM orig_table;

     --DROP TABLE table_name CASCADE;
     --DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_name CASCADE;

     --DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl;
     --CREATE TEMP TABLE tbl AS SELECT 1 as a,2 as b,3 as c;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mytable;
CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS


WITH RECURSIVE CTE 
AS
(

        SELECT 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
            ,__iStartYear AS TheYear  
            ,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

        SELECT 
             --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
            --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
        FROM CTE 
        WHERE (1=1) 

        AND
        (
            CASE 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                    THEN 1 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                    THEN 
                        CASE 
                            WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth 
                                THEN 1 
                            ELSE 0 
                        END 
                ELSE 0 
            END = 1 
        )

)


SELECT * FROM CTE; 


    -- SELECT  __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth; 


     --RAISE NOTICE  'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
    --FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
    --LOOP
      --  EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
    --END LOOP;
END$$;


SELECT * FROM mytable;

真正的基础是将查询快速转换为表值函数版本,看起来像这样。:

-- SELECT * FROM tfu_V_RPT_MonthList(2012,1,2013,4);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tfu_V_RPT_MonthList
( 
     __iStartYear integer
    ,__iStartMonth integer
    ,__iEndYear integer
    ,__iEndMonth integer
)
  RETURNS TABLE(
     TheRunningMonth integer
    ,TheYear integer
    ,TheMonth integer
) AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
-- Declare vars here
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY 

WITH RECURSIVE CTE 
AS
(

        SELECT 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
            ,__iStartYear AS TheYear  
            ,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

        SELECT 
             --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
            --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
        FROM CTE 
        WHERE (1=1) 

        AND
        (
            CASE 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                    THEN 1 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                    THEN 
                        CASE 
                            WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth 
                                THEN 1 
                            ELSE 0 
                        END 
                ELSE 0 
            END = 1 
        )

)

    SELECT * FROM CTE ;

END;
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE


--ALTER FUNCTION dbo.tfu_v_dms_desktop(character varying) OWNER TO postgres;





顺便说一句,看看SQL-Server codebloat来实现这个目标:

SELECT 
     extract('year' FROM m) AS RPT_Year
    -- http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-DATETIME-TABLE
    --,to_char(m, 'TMmon')
    --,to_char(m, 'TMmonth')
    ,to_char(m, 'Month') AS RPT_MonthName 
    ,m AS RPT_MonthStartDate
    ,m + INTERVAL '1 month' - INTERVAL '1 day' AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

FROM 
(
   SELECT 
        generate_series((2012::text || '-' || 4::text || '-01')::date, (2016::text || '-' || 1::text || '-01')::date, interval '1 month') AS m 
) AS g
;

变成这样:

DECLARE @in_iStartYear integer
DECLARE @in_iStartMonth integer


DECLARE @in_iEndYear integer
DECLARE @in_iEndMonth integer

SET @in_iStartYear = 2012
SET @in_iStartMonth = 12


SET @in_iEndYear = 2016
SET @in_iEndMonth = 12



DECLARE @strOriginalLanguage AS nvarchar(200) 
DECLARE @dtStartDate AS datetime 
DECLARE @dtEndDate AS datetime 


SET @strOriginalLanguage = (SELECT @@LANGUAGE) 

SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iStartYear - 1900, 0) 
SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iStartMonth -1, @dtStartDate) 

SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iEndYear - 1900, 0) 
SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iEndMonth -1, @dtEndDate) 

SET LANGUAGE 'us_english'


;WITH CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd 
AS
(
        SELECT
             YEAR(@dtStartDate) AS RPT_Year 
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, @dtStartDate) AS RPT_MonthName 
            ,@dtStartDate AS RPT_MonthStartDate  
            ,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @dtStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

    UNION ALL

        SELECT 
             YEAR(DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_Year 
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthName 
            ,DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) AS RPT_MonthStartDate 
            ,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) ) AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

        FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd 
        WHERE DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) <= @dtEndDate 
)

SELECT 
     RPT_Year 
    ,RPT_MonthName 
    ,RPT_MonthStartDate 
    ,RPT_MonthEndDate 
FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd 

(感谢Erwin!);)

答案 2 :(得分:4)

要从DO匿名代码块中获取记录,可以使用以下技术:

DO $$
DECLARE
  _query text;
  _cursor CONSTANT refcursor := '_cursor';
BEGIN
  _query := 'SELECT * FROM table_name';
  OPEN _cursor FOR EXECUTE _query;
END
$$;

FETCH ALL FROM _cursor;

通知

  1. 光标在事务范围中可见,因此您应该使用此 一笔交易之内。
  2. 游标变量的名称应与文本常量相同;

有关cursors的更多信息。 技术来源here(俄语)。

答案 3 :(得分:3)

这是一个不太偏离主题(恕我直言),可能会有所帮助...

我最近遇到了这个问题,我需要在事务中执行一些语句并返回一些(非常少的)数据,这些数据表明PHP脚本如何处理事务(受影响的记录和任何自定义错误代码)

坚持RAISE NOTICE和RAISE [EXCEPTION]范例,我发现最好在返回的NOTICE / EXCEPTION中返回一个JSON字符串。这样,所有PHP应用程序都需要使用pg_last_notice()或pg_last_error()来获取和解码JSON字符串。

e.g。

RAISE EXCEPTION '{"std_response":{"affected":%,"error":%}}', var_affected, var_error_id;

RAISE NOTICE '{"std_response":{"affected":%,"error":%}}', var_affected, var_error_id;

由于返回的名为“std_response”的JSON对象实际上是所有这些类型脚本的标准响应,因此编写单元测试非常容易,因为加载和执行SQL的包装函数将始终返回“std_response”可以测试它的值的对象。

只有在RAISE消息中返回TINY数据时才应使用此范例(尽管我已经看到多达96,000个字符以这种方式返回 - 不确定限制是多少)。 如果需要返回更大的数据集,则需要将结果集保存到表中,但至少您仍然可以使用此范例来准确隔离哪些记录属于被调用的SQL。即将数据放入具有UUID的表中,并在注释中返回UUID,如下所示:

RAISE NOTICE '{"table_name":{"affected":%,"uuid":%}}', var_affected, var_uuid;

关于这一点的好处在于,由于它仍然是结构化的,并且描述了从哪个表中选择数据,因此它也可以与应用程序中的单元测试一起使用。

(或者,您也可以使用Postgresql将结果集存储在memcache中,让应用程序从那里拾取数据集,这样您就不必处理磁盘I / O只是为了存储结果 - 设置应用程序将用于生成一些HTML,然后在脚本完成时立即丢弃)