通过我的一个项目,我将进入C ++领域。基本上我来了 来自Java背景,并想知道Java包的概念如何 是在C ++世界中实现的。这使我了解了名称空间的C ++概念。
到目前为止,我对命名空间绝对不错,但是当涉及到头文件时 在完全合格的课程方面,事情变得低效 名称,使用指令和使用声明。
问题的一个非常好的描述是Herb Sutter撰写的this文章。
据我所知,这一切归结为:如果你总是写一个头文件 使用完全限定类型名称来引用其他名称空间中的类型。
这几乎是不可接受的。由于C ++标头通常提供声明 在一个类中,最大可读性具有最高优先级。完全符合条件 最后,来自不同命名空间的类型会产生很多视觉噪音 将标题的可读性降低到提出问题的程度 是否要使用名称空间。
尽管如此,我想利用C ++命名空间,所以要考虑一下 问题:如何克服C ++头文件的命名空间邪恶?后 一些研究我认为typedef可以解决这个问题。
下面你将找到一个C ++示例程序,它演示了我的意思 喜欢使用公共类作用域typedef从其他名称空间导入类型。 该程序在语法上是正确的,并在MinGW W64上编译良好。到目前为止 很好,但我不确定这种方法是否会愉快地删除using关键字 从标题但引入另一个我根本不知道的问题。 就像Herb Sutter描述的东西一样棘手。
我很恳请每个对C ++有深入了解的人 检查下面的代码,让我知道这是否有效。谢谢 为了你的想法。
MyFirstClass.hpp
#ifndef MYFIRSTCLASS_HPP_
#define MYFIRSTCLASS_HPP_
namespace com {
namespace company {
namespace package1 {
class MyFirstClass
{
public:
MyFirstClass();
~MyFirstClass();
private:
};
} // namespace package1
} // namespace company
} // namespace com
#endif /* MYFIRSTCLASS_HPP_ */
MyFirstClass.cpp
#include "MyFirstClass.hpp"
using com::company::package1::MyFirstClass;
MyFirstClass::MyFirstClass()
{
}
MyFirstClass::~MyFirstClass()
{
}
MySecondClass.hpp
#ifndef MYSECONDCLASS_HPP_
#define MYSECONDCLASS_HPP_
#include <string>
#include "MyFirstClass.hpp"
namespace com {
namespace company {
namespace package2 {
/*
* Do not write using-declarations in header files according to
* Herb Sutter's Namespace Rule #2.
*
* using std::string; // bad
* using com::company::package1::MyFirstClass; // bad
*/
class MySecondClass{
public:
/*
* Public class-scoped typedefs instead of using-declarations in
* namespace package2. Consequently we can avoid fully qualified
* type names in the remainder of the class declaration. This
* yields maximum readability and shows cleanly the types imported
* from other namespaces.
*/
typedef std::string String;
typedef com::company::package1::MyFirstClass MyFirstClass;
MySecondClass();
~MySecondClass();
String getText() const; // no std::string required
void setText(String as_text); // no std::string required
void setMyFirstInstance(MyFirstClass anv_instance); // no com::company:: ...
MyFirstClass getMyFirstInstance() const; // no com::company:: ...
private:
String is_text; // no std::string required
MyFirstClass inv_myFirstInstance; // no com::company:: ...
};
} // namespace package2
} // namespace company
} // namespace com
#endif /* MYSECONDCLASS_HPP_ */
MySecondClass.cpp
#include "MySecondClass.hpp"
/*
* According to Herb Sutter's "A Good Long-Term Solution" it is fine
* to write using declarations in a translation unit, as long as they
* appear after all #includes.
*/
using com::company::package2::MySecondClass; // OK because in cpp file and
// no more #includes following
MySecondClass::MySecondClass()
{
}
MySecondClass::~MySecondClass()
{
}
/*
* As we have already imported all types through the class scoped typedefs
* in our header file, we are now able to simply reuse the typedef types
* in the translation unit as well. This pattern shortens all type names
* down to a maximum of "ClassName::TypedefTypeName" in the translation unit -
* e.g. below we can simply write "MySecondClass::String". At the same time the
* class declaration in the header file now governs all type imports from other
* namespaces which again enforces the DRY - Don't Repeat Yourself - principle.
*/
// Simply reuse typedefs from MySecondClass
MySecondClass::String MySecondClass::getText() const
{
return this->is_text;
}
// Simply reuse typedefs from MySecondClass
void MySecondClass::setText(String as_text)
{
this->is_text = as_text;
}
// Simply reuse typedefs from MySecondClass
void MySecondClass::setMyFirstInstance(MyFirstClass anv_instance)
{
this->inv_myFirstInstance = anv_instance;
}
// Simply reuse typedefs from MySecondClass
MySecondClass::MyFirstClass MySecondClass::getMyFirstInstance() const
{
return this->inv_myFirstInstance;
}
Main.cpp的
#include <cstdio>
#include "MySecondClass.hpp"
using com::company::package2::MySecondClass; // OK because in cpp file and
// no more #includes following
int main()
{
// Again MySecondClass provides all types which are imported from
// other namespaces and are part of its interface through public
// class scoped typedefs
MySecondClass *lpnv_mySecCls = new MySecondClass();
// Again simply reuse typedefs from MySecondClass
MySecondClass::String ls_text = "Hello World!";
MySecondClass::MyFirstClass *lpnv_myFirClsf =
new MySecondClass::MyFirstClass();
lpnv_mySecCls->setMyFirstInstance(*lpnv_myFirClsf);
lpnv_mySecCls->setText(ls_text);
printf("Greetings: %s\n", lpnv_mySecCls->getText().c_str());
lpnv_mySecCls->setText("Goodbye World!");
printf("Greetings: %s\n", lpnv_mySecCls->getText().c_str());
getchar();
delete lpnv_myFirClsf;
delete lpnv_mySecCls;
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:18)
通过降低复杂性来缓解疼痛。你正在将C ++变成Java。 (这与尝试其他方式一样糟糕。)
一些提示:
using namespace
指令。 (并且在C ++文件中小心使用,如果有的话。首选内部函数。)namespace bll = boost::lambda;
。这会创建非常整洁的快捷方式。P.S:感谢@KillianDS在评论中提供了一些很好的提示(当我将它们编辑到问题中时被删除了。)