CoffeeScript类和nosuchmethod

时间:2013-01-25 00:42:19

标签: javascript coffeescript metaprogramming ecmascript-harmony

假设底层Javascript引擎中存在Harmony Proxies,那么如何构造一个CoffeeScript超类,以便扩展它可以让一个类定义一个noSuchMethod方法(或methodMessing)?

如果类(或其超类)没有请求的方法,那么将使用名称和参数列表调用该方法。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

好的问题! = d

(注意:我只在Firefox中对此进行了测试,因为它似乎是唯一支持Harmony代理的浏览器。)

这似乎适用于缺少属性

class DynamicObject

  propertyMissingHandler =
    get: (target, name) ->
      if name of target
        target[name] 
      else
        target.propertyMissing name

  constructor: ->
    return new Proxy @, propertyMissingHandler

  # By default return undefined like a normal JS object.
  propertyMissing: -> undefined

class Repeater extends DynamicObject
  exited: no
  propertyMissing: (name) ->
    if @exited then "#{name.toUpperCase()}!" else name

r = new Repeater
console.log r.hi     # -> hi
console.log r.exited # -> false. Doesn't print "exited" ;)
r.exited = yes
console.log r.omg    # -> OMG!

现在,它有效,但它有一个小的大警告:它依赖于“其他类型”构造函数。也就是说,DynamicObject 的构造函数返回而不是DynamicObject实例(它返回包装实例的代理)。其他类型的构造函数具有细微且不那么微妙的问题they are not a very loved feature in the CoffeeScript community

例如,上面的工作(在CoffeeScript 1.4中),但只是因为生成的Repeater构造函数返回调用超级构造函数的结果(因此返回代理对象)。如果Repeater有不同的构造函数,它将无法工作:

class Repeater extends DynamicObject
  # Innocent looking constructor.
  constructor: (exited = no) ->
    @exited = exited
  propertyMissing: (name) ->
    if @exited then "#{name.toUpperCase()}!" else name

console.log (new Repeater yes).hello # -> undefined :(

您必须显式返回调用超级构造函数的结果才能使其工作:

  constructor: (exited = no) ->
    @exited = exited
    return super

所以,由于其他类型的构造函数有点令人困惑/破坏,我建议避免它们并使用类方法来实例化这些对象而不是new

class DynamicObject

  propertyMissingHandler =
    get: (target, name) ->
      if name of target
        target[name] 
      else
        target.propertyMissing name

  # Use create instead of 'new'.
  @create = (args...) ->
    instance = new @ args...
    new Proxy instance, propertyMissingHandler

  # By default return undefined like a normal JS object.
  propertyMissing: -> undefined

class Repeater extends DynamicObject
  constructor: (exited = no) ->
    @exited = exited
    # No need to worry about 'return'
  propertyMissing: (name) ->
    if @exited then "#{name.toUpperCase()}!" else name

console.log (Repeater.create yes).hello # -> HELLO!

现在,对于缺少方法,为了使问题中的请求具有相同的接口,我们可以在代理处理程序中执行类似的操作,而不是直接调用特殊方法(propertyMissing)在目标没有具有该名称的属性时,它返回一个函数,该函数又调用特殊方法(methodMissing):

class DynamicObject2

  methodMissingHandler =
    get: (target, name) ->
      return target[name] if name of target
      (args...) ->
        target.methodMissing name, args

  # Use this instead of 'new'.
  @create = (args...) ->
    instance = new @ args...
    new Proxy instance, methodMissingHandler 

  # By default behave somewhat similar to normal missing method calls.
  methodMissing: (name) -> throw new TypeError "#{name} is not a function"

class CommandLine extends DynamicObject2
  cd: (path) ->
    # Usually 'cd' is not a program on its own.
    console.log "Changing path to #{path}" # TODO implement me
  methodMissing: (name, args) ->
    command = "#{name} #{args.join ' '}"
    console.log "Executing command '#{command}'" 

cl = CommandLine.create()
cl.cd '/home/bob/coffee-example'  # -> Changing path to /home/bob/coffee-example
cl.coffee '-wc', 'example.coffee' # -> Executing command 'coffee -wc example.coffee'
cl.rm '-rf', '*.js'               # -> Executing command 'rm -rf *.js'

不幸的是,我找不到一种方法来区分属性访问和代理处理程序中的方法调用,以便DynamicObject可以更智能,并相应地调用propertyMissing或methodMissing(虽然方法调用只是一个属性,但它有意义)访问后跟函数调用)。

如果我必须选择并使DynamicObject尽可能灵活,我将使用propertyMissing实现,因为子类可以选择他们想要如何实现propertyMissing并将该缺失属性视为方法。上面根据propertyMissing实现的CommandLine示例将是:

class CommandLine extends DynamicObject
  cd: (path) ->
    # Usually 'cd' is not a program on its own.
    console.log "Changing path to #{path}" # TODO implement me
  propertyMissing: (name) ->
    (args...) ->
      command = "#{name} #{args.join ' '}"
      console.log "Executing command '#{command}'" 

有了这个,我们现在可以混合从同一个基类继承的Repeater和CommandLines(多么有用!= P):

cl = CommandLine.create()
r = Repeater.create yes
cl.echo r['hello proxies'] # -> Executing command 'echo HELLO PROXIES!'