我正在学习F#并且我不了解灵活类型的目的,或者更好,我不能理解写这个之间的区别:
set TextOfControl (c : Control) s = c.Text <- s
并写下这个:
set TextOfControl (c : 'T when 'T :> Control) s = c.Text <- s
其中Control
是System.Windows.Forms.Control
类。
答案 0 :(得分:15)
你的例子没有区别。如果返回类型受到限制,您就会开始看到差异:
let setText (c: Control) s = c.Text <- s; c
let setTextGeneric (c: #Control) s = c.Text <- s; c
let c = setText (TreeView()) "" // return a Control object
let tv = setTextGeneric (TreeView()) "" // return a TreeView object
请注意,#Control
是'T when 'T :> Control
的快捷方式。
Type constraints对于为子类型创建通用函数很重要。
例如,
let create (f: _ -> Control) = f()
let c = create (fun () -> Control()) // works
let tv = create (fun () -> TreeView()) // fails
VS
let create (f: _ -> #Control) = f()
let c = create (fun () -> Control()) // works
let tv = create (fun () -> TreeView()) // works
答案 1 :(得分:7)
当直接将值作为参数传递给F#函数时,编译器会自动向上转换值(因此,如果函数采用Control
,则可以为其赋予TextBox
值。因此,如果您使用灵活类型作为参数类型,则没有太大区别。
但是,如果函数需要,例如列表'T list
:
// Takes a list of any subtype of object (using flexible type)
let test1<'T when 'T :> obj> (items:'T list) =
items |> List.iter (printfn "%A")
// Takse a list, which has to be _exactly_ a list of objects
let test2 (items:obj list) =
items |> List.iter (printfn "%A")
// Create a list of System.Random values (System.Random list)
let l = [new System.Random()]
test1 l // This works because System.Random is subtype of obj
test2 l // This does not work, because the argument has wrong type!