Question

我试图弄清楚如何打印2个字符串之间发生的所有事情。问题是，这些字符串对在一行上多次出现。所以我需要能够在每组对中打印每个字段。

我有一个文件api.txt，列出了多个客户及其各自的设备清单。它看起来像这样：

Customer [customerId=12000, customerName=Acme, Inc.]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-100, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-100NIC1, cardDescription=Router 100 NIC, cardSerial=100NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-100NIC2, cardDescription=Router 100 NIC, cardSerial=100NIC2]], deviceSerial=100PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 100 Base Model]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-2500, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-2500NIC1, cardDescription=Router 2500 NIC, cardSerial=2500NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-2500NIC2, cardDescription=Router 2500 NIC, cardSerial=2500NIC2]], deviceSerial=2500PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 2500 Base Model]
Customer [customerId=24000, customerName=Anvil LLC]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-5000, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-5000NIC1, cardDescription=Router 5000 NIC, cardSerial=5000NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-500NIC2, cardDescription=Router 5000 NIC, cardSerial=5000NIC2]], deviceSerial=5000PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 5000 Base Model]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-7500, cardDetail=null, deviceSerial=7500PRIMARY, DeviceDescription=Router 7500 Base Model, No NIC]

这个的输出应该类似于：

"12000","Acme, Inc.","router-100","100PRIMARY","Router 100 Base Model","Router 100 NIC","100NIC1","Router 100 NIC","100NIC2"
"12000","Acme, Inc.","router-2500","2500Primary","Router 2500 Base Model","Router 2500 NIC","2500NIC1","Router 2500 NIC","2500NIC2"
"24000","Anvil LLC","router-5000","5000PRIMARY","Router 5000 Base Model,"Router 5000 NIC","5000NIC1","Router 5000 NIC","5000NIC2"

请注意，最后一个DeviceDetail（router-7500）被省略，因为设备没有附加子设备（cardDetail=null）。

我了解如何使用awk将字段分隔符设置为=和,以捕获它们之间的所有内容（即每个字段值位于等号和逗号之间），但是我不确定当CardDetail数据的多个实例在每一行上出现未知次数，甚至根本不出现时，如何获得我正在寻找的结果。

需要考虑的是Card Detail的每个实例都在Card Detail和封闭式括号（]）之间捕获，因此可能有助于捕获Card Detail的每个实例在每一行，但不确定。

我也没跟awk结婚。使用sed或任何其他解析程序也可以。基本上，无论什么效果最好。

提前感谢您提供的任何帮助！

Answer 1

当在awk / sed中处理过于笨拙时，是时候使用更“现代”的脚本语言了，比如perl，ruby或python。这样的事情应该让你开始（perl）：

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;

my $customerName;
my $customerId;
while (my $line = <DATA>) {
    if ($line =~ m{
            customerId=(?<customerId>.*?), 
            \ customerName=(?<customerName>.*)\]
        }x)
    {
            $customerId = $+{customerId};
            $customerName = $+{customerName};
    } elsif ($line =~ m{
                    baseProductId=(?<baseProductId>.*?),
                    \ cardDetail=\[.*baseCardId=(?<baseCardId>.*?),
                    \ cardDescription=(?<cardDescription>.*?),
                    .*deviceSerial=(?<deviceSerial>.*?),
                    \ deviceDescription=(?<deviceDescription>.*)\]
              }x)
    {
            my ($productId, $cardId) = ($1, $2);
            print '"'
            . join('","',
                    $customerId,
                    $customerName,
                    $+{baseProductId},
                    $+{baseCardId},
                    $+{deviceSerial},
                    $+{deviceDescription},
                    $+{cardDescription},
               )
            . "\"\n" ;
    }
}

__DATA__
Customer [customerId=12000, customerName=Acme, Inc.]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-100, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-100NIC1, cardDescription=Router 100 NIC, cardSerial=100NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-100NIC2, cardDescription=Router 100 NIC, cardSerial=100NIC2]], deviceSerial=100PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 100 Base Model]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-2500, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-2500NIC1, cardDescription=Router 2500 NIC, cardSerial=2500NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-2500NIC2, cardDescription=Router 2500 NIC, cardSerial=2500NIC2]], deviceSerial=2500PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 2500 Base Model]
Customer [customerId=24000, customerName=Anvil LLC]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-5000, cardDetail=[CardDetail [baseCardId=router-5000NIC1, cardDescription=Router 5000 NIC, cardSerial=5000NIC1], CardDetail [baseCardId=router-500NIC2, cardDescription=Router 5000 NIC, cardSerial=5000NIC2]], deviceSerial=5000PRIMARY, deviceDescription=Router 5000 Base Model]
DeviceDetail [baseProductId=router-7500, cardDetail=null, deviceSerial=7500PRIMARY, DeviceDescription=Router 7500 Base Model, No NIC]

您可以在x中找到匹配m{}运算符的perldoc perlre选项（搜索/x修饰符。还搜索named捕获组与$+{foo}咒语相同的perldoc。

Python - 在字符串之间打印

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