使用GLUT和MinGW的未定义引用

时间：2013-01-19 07:01:21

标签： windows opengl mingw glut static-linking

在编译用C编写的OpenGL程序时，下面显示的初始命令会产生以下错误。

C:\Users\razz\Desktop>gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `__glutInitWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x37): undefined reference to `__glutCreateWindowWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `__glutCreateMenuWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `_imp__glClear'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to `_imp__glLoadIdentity'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xdd): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xfe): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x11f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x140): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x161): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x182): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1a3): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c4): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1e5): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1ec): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1fa): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x21b): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x25d): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x27e): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x29f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2a6): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2d5): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2f6): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x317): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x338): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x359): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x360): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x36e): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x38f): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3b0): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3d1): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3f2): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x413): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x41a): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x428): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x449): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x46a): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x48b): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4cd): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4d4): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4e2): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x503): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x524): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x545): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x566): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x587): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x58e): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x595): undefined reference to `_imp__glFlush'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x59c): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x617): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x645): undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x65d): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnable'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66c): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x678): undefined reference to `glutSpecialFunc'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x67d): undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

我知道之前在标题为“使用GLUT的未定义参考”和“GLUT程序链接错误”的主题中已经提出过这个问题。

不幸的是，他们的大部分术语都在我之上，所以我不太确定如何应用他们的解决方案。其次，考虑到操作系统，编译器，GLUT版本等数十种可能的配置，我甚至不确定他们的场景是否与我的相关。这是我的情景：

  • 使用Windows 7 x64

  • 使用此处提供的GLUT：http://www.prinmath.com/csci5229/misc/install.html（下载链接为“我的GLUT版本”）

  • 如果您关心，C程序是http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Cube-in-OpenGL

    给出的程序

  • 我安装了MinGW，“gcc”命令有效;我已经成功编译了一个简单的'Hello World'C程序

  • 头文件位于C：\ MinGW \ include \ GL \ glut.h

  • 我将glut32.dll放在C：\ Windows \ system32和C：\ Windows \ SysWOW64

  • libglut32cu.a位于C：\ MinGW \ lib，C：\ MinGW \ usr \ lib，C：\ MinGW \ usr \ lib64。我知道它只需要一个，技术上，但我尝试了所有三个希望其中一个可以工作。上述PrinMath网站上的说明建议在我的错误发生时尝试后两个文件夹。他还建议使用“-L标志告诉链接器它在哪里”。所以我尝试在命令提示符下输入：

    gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

    不幸的是，结果是一样的。

    • 2 个答案:

    答案 0 :(得分：4)

    在源文件mycube.c的顶部，您必须包含

    #include<windows.h>

    或包含

    #include<GL/gl.h> or #include<GL/glu.h>

    然后编译代码就不会有这种类型的错误。

    答案 1 :(得分：2)

    您下载的glut库是为32位程序构建的。看起来你的MinGW正在构建一个64位目标，它使用的名称不同于32位（并且无论如何都是不兼容的）。

    尝试添加-m32选项以使MinGW构建32位程序：

    gcc -m32 -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

    请注意，mt 64位MinGW编译器（来自http://tdm-gcc.tdragon.net/download的gcc版本4.6.1（tdm64-1））提供了关于此问题的小线索：

    ld.exe: skipping incompatible .\glut32\lib/libglut32cu.a when searching for -lglut32cu
ld.exe: cannot find -lglut32cu
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