我正在尝试使用Java在网站上自动执行某些任务。我有一个有效的客户端为该网站(当我使用Firefox登录时工作),但当我尝试使用http客户端登录时,我一直收到403错误。请注意,我希望我的信任商店信任任何东西(我知道这不安全,但此时我并不担心)。
这是我的代码:
KeyStore keystore = getKeyStore();//Implemented somewhere else and working ok
String password = "changeme";
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
KeyManagerFactory kmfactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
kmfactory.init(keystore, password.toCharArray());
context.init(kmfactory.getKeyManagers(), new TrustManager[] { new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
} }, new SecureRandom());
SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(context);
Scheme httpsScheme = new Scheme("https", 443, sf);
SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
schemeRegistry.register(httpsScheme);
ClientConnectionManager cm = new SingleClientConnManager(schemeRegistry);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(cm);
HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://theurl.com");
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
最后一个语句打印出403错误。我在这里缺少什么?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
想出来我自己的。 403错误是因为Java SSL没有选择我的客户端证书。
我调试了SSL握手,发现服务器要求提供由权限列表颁发的客户端证书,而我的客户端证书的颁发者不在该列表中。因此,Java SSL无法在我的密钥库中找到合适的证书。看起来Web浏览器和Java实现SSL有点不同,因为我的浏览器实际上询问我使用哪个证书,无论服务器证书在客户端证书的颁发者方面要求什么。
在这种情况下,应该责怪服务器证书。它是自签名的,并且它通知的发布者列表是不完整的。这与Java SSL实现并不完美。但服务器不是我的,除了抱怨巴西政府(他们的服务器)之外,我无能为力。没有进一步的到期,这是我的工作:
首先,我使用了一个信任任何东西的TrustManager(就像我在我的问题中所做的那样):
public class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
}
然后我实现了一个密钥管理器,它始终使用我想要的PKCS12(.pfx)证书密钥:
public class MyKeyManager extends X509ExtendedKeyManager {
KeyStore keystore = null;
String password = null;
public MyKeyManager(KeyStore keystore, String password) {
this.keystore = keystore;
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String chooseClientAlias(String[] arg0, Principal[] arg1, Socket arg2) {
return "";//can't be null
}
@Override
public String chooseServerAlias(String arg0, Principal[] arg1, Socket arg2) {
return null;
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getCertificateChain(String arg0) {
try {
X509Certificate[] result = new X509Certificate[keystore.getCertificateChain(keystore.aliases().nextElement()).length];
for (int i=0; i < result.length; i++){
result[i] = (X509Certificate) keystore.getCertificateChain(keystore.aliases().nextElement())[i];
}
return result ;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return null;
}
@Override
public String[] getClientAliases(String arg0, Principal[] arg1) {
try {
return new String[] { keystore.aliases().nextElement() };
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
@Override
public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String arg0) {
try {
return ((KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry) keystore.getEntry(keystore.aliases().nextElement(),
new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(password.toCharArray()))).getPrivateKey();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return null;
}
@Override
public String[] getServerAliases(String arg0, Principal[] arg1) {
return null;
}
}
如果我的pfx还包含其颁发者证书,则此将有效。但它没有(耶!)。因此,当我使用上面的密钥管理器时,我收到了SSL握手错误(对等体未经过身份验证)。如果客户端发送服务器信任的证书链,则服务器仅对客户端进行身份验证。由于我的证书(由巴西机构颁发)不包含其颁发者,因此其证书链仅包含其自身。服务器不喜欢这样,并拒绝对客户端进行身份验证。解决方法是手动创建证书链:
...
@Override
//The order matters, your certificate should be the first one in the chain, its issuer the second, its issuer's issuer the third and so on.
public X509Certificate[] getCertificateChain(String arg0) {
X509Certificate[] result = new X509Certificate[2];
//The certificate chain contains only one entry in my case
result[0] = (X509Certificate) keystore.getCertificateChain(keystore.aliases().nextElement())[0];
//Implement getMyCertificateIssuer() according to your needs. In my case, I read it from a JKS keystore from my database
result[1] = getMyCertificateIssuer();
return result;
}
...
在那之后,只需要充分利用我的自定义密钥和信任管理员:
InputStream keystoreContents = null;//Read it from a file, a byte array or whatever floats your boat
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keystore.load(keystoreContetns, "changeme".toCharArray());
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1");
context.init(new KeyManager[] { new MyKeyManager(keystore, "changeme") },
new TrustManager[] { new MyTrustManager() }, new SecureRandom());
SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(context);
Scheme httpsScheme = new Scheme("https", 443, sf);
SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
schemeRegistry.register(httpsScheme);
ClientConnectionManager cm = new SingleClientConnManager(schemeRegistry);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(cm);
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://www.someserver.com");
答案 1 :(得分:1)
首先,无论您选择解决问题,都不要使用信任任何东西的信任管理器。从客户端的角度来看,它与将要使用的客户端证书无关,但它确实打开了与潜在MITM攻击的连接(尽管MITM攻击者仍会在模拟合法客户端时遇到问题)。
对于客户端证书方面,您可以修复密钥库以设置客户端证书条目以使用完整链,而不是使用您自己的密钥管理器(每次以定制方式重新构建链),如上所述{ {3}}。由于您开始使用PFX文件(PKCS#12),因此最好使用keytool -importkeystore
将密钥库转换为JKS,如in this answer所述。