Question

假设我有

#include <string>

class A
{
public:
    template<class T>
    operator T();

    A child();
};

void f()
{
    A a;
    std::string s1 = a;            // ok
    std::string s2 = a.child();    // error (line 34)

    s1 = a;           // error (line 36)
    s2 = a.child();   // error (line 37)

}

std :: string构造函数可以使用char *或std :: string引用，这就是赋值不明确的原因。但是为什么我的编译器（VC ++ 10）抱怨第二个赋值而不是第一个赋值？

我正在寻找一种方法来优先使用模板转换运算符而不是重载的构造函数。

我收到以下错误：

1>------ Build started: Project: Plasma4Test, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>  Plasma4Test.cpp
1>d:\bitbucket\vx\projects\plasma4test\plasma4test.cpp(34): error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'A' to 'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution was ambiguous
1>d:\bitbucket\vx\projects\plasma4test\plasma4test.cpp(36): error C2593: 'operator =' is ambiguous
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(772): could be 'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(_Elem)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(767): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const _Elem *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(762): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(std::string, A)'
1>d:\bitbucket\vx\projects\plasma4test\plasma4test.cpp(37): error C2593: 'operator =' is ambiguous
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(772): could be 'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(_Elem)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(767): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const _Elem *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(762): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xstring(707): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &&)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
1>              _Ax=std::allocator<char>
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(std::string, A)'
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Answer 1

对我来说这似乎是一个VC10错误，它与std::string 无关。

BUG ISOLATION：

我把它归结为以下例子：

#include <string>

class B
{
public:
    B(char const*) { }
    B(B&&) { }
};

class A
{
public:
    operator char* const () { return 0; }
    operator B () { return B(0); }
};

int main()
{
    A a;
    B b1 = a; // fine
    B b2 = A(); // error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'A' to 'B'
                // No constructor could take the source type, or constructor
                // overload resolution was ambiguous.
}

类B有一个移动构造函数和一个带const char*的构造函数。尝试从b2初始化rvalue时，VC10似乎无法选择转换运算符B。

Clang 3.2和GCC 4.7.2都选择转换运算符为B。

C ++标准规则：

C ++标准要求的第8.5 / 16段：

[对于这种复制初始化的情况，] “用户定义的转换序列，可以从源类型转换为目标类型或（当使用转换函数时）到如13.3.1.4所述枚举其派生类，并通过重载决议（13.3）选择最佳的一个“

如果我们考虑示例中从源类型（A）到目标类型（B）的所有可用转换序列，那么涉及A用户的转换序列定义到char const*的转换函数需要进一步转换（通过B的接受char const*的构造函数完成）才能到达目标输入 B。因此，它比使用A的用户定义的转换函数B（按照13.3.3.2）更长一步，这使得后者更可取。

这似乎证实这是一个VC10错误。

返回值和局部变量之间的差异

1 个答案: