我有很多的类,其中包括:
class C1
{
[PropName("Prop1")]
public string A {get;set;}
[PropName("Prop2")]
public string B {get;set;}
[PropName("Prop3")]
public string C {get;set;}
}
class C2
{
[PropName("Prop1")]
public string D {get;set;}
[PropName("Prop2")]
public string E {get;set;}
[PropName("Prop3")]
public string F {get;set;}
}
该属性说明实际属性是什么,但C#属性的名称并不总是匹配。在C1和C2的情况下,C1.A与C2.D具有相同的属性。
这些类不是任何继承链的一部分,我无法控制它们,因此我无法更改它们。
“Prop1”,“Prop2”,......,“PropN”有一些常见的操作。编写这些操作的最佳解决方案是什么,没有太多的代码重复,但仍然可以维护。
解决方案#1(如果声明 - 很多)
void OperationWithProp1(object o)
{
string prop1;
C1 class1 = o as C1;
if (class1 != null)
prop1 = class1.A;
C2 class2 = o as C2;
if (class2 != null)
prop1 = class2.D;
// Do something with prop1
}
解决方案#2(重载 - 很多)
void OperationWithProp1(string prop1)
{
// Do something with prop1
}
void RunOperationWithProp1(C1 class1)
{
OperationWithProp1(class1.A);
}
void RunOperationWithProp1(C2 class2)
{
OperationWithProp1(class2.D);
}
解决方案#3(反思) - 我担心perf,因为这些操作中的每一个都会被调用数千次并且有几百次操作
void OperationWithProp1(object o)
{
// Pseudo code:
// Get all properties from o that have the PropName attribute
// Look if any attribute matches "Prop1"
// Get the value of the property that matches
// Do something with the value of the property
}
您会选择哪种解决方案?为什么?你还有其他模式吗?
编辑澄清:
许多课程意味着数十个
很多属性意味着30-40个属性/类
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以创建一个包装类,公开您需要的属性,并包装实际C1
和C2
类的实例。一种方法是通过代表:
interface WithProperties {
string A {get;set;}
string B {get;set;}
string C {get;set;}
}
class WrappedCX<T> : WithProperties {
private readonly T wrapped;
private readonly Func<T,string> getA;
private readonly Action<T,string> setA;
private readonly Func<T,string> getB;
private readonly Action<T,string> setB;
private readonly Func<T,string> getC;
private readonly Action<T,string> setC;
public WrappedCX(T obj, Func<T,string> getA, Action<T,string> setA, Func<T,string> getB, Action<T,string> setB, Func<T,string> getC, Action<T,string> setC) {
wrapped = obj;
this.getA = getA;
this.setA = setA;
this.getB = getB;
this.setB = setB;
this.getC = getC;
this.setC = setC;
}
public string A {
get {return getA(wrapped);}
set {setA(wrapped, value);}
}
public string B {
get {return getB(wrapped);}
set {setB(wrapped, value);}
}
public string C {
get {return getC(wrapped);}
set {setC(wrapped, value);}
}
}
现在你可以这样做:
C1 c1 = new C1();
C2 c2 = new C2();
WithProperties w1 = new WrappedCX(c1, c => c.A, (c,v) => {c.A=v;}, c => c.B, (c,v) => {c.B=v;}, c => c.C, (c,v) => {c.C=v;});
WithProperties w2 = new WrappedCX(c2, c => c.D, (c,v) => {c.D=v;}, c => c.E, (c,v) => {c.E=v;}, c => c.F, (c,v) => {c.F=v;});
此时,w1
和w2
都在实现公共WithProperties
界面,因此您可以在不查看其类型的情况下使用它们。
为了获得想象力,将七参数构造函数替换为带有单个obj
参数的构造函数,通过反射获取其类,检查其定义的自定义属性的属性,以及创建/编译LINQ表达式对应于属性A
,B
和C
的getter和setter。这样你就可以构建你的WrappedCX
而不会在调用中跟踪丑陋的lambda。这里的权衡是现在lambda将在运行时构造,因此缺失属性上的编译错误将成为运行时异常。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
您可以使用属性“PropName”名称动态生成访问正确成员的代理类。您还希望在生成对它们的调用之前检测属性是否实际实现了get / set。也许是一种更复杂的方法来保证生成的代理的唯一类型名称......
请参阅Main()了解用法,main下面是OperationWithProp1()的实现
(这里有很多代码)
public interface IC
{
string Prop1 { get; set; }
string Prop2 { get; set; }
string Prop3 { get; set; }
}
public class C1
{
[PropName("Prop1")]
public string A { get; set; }
[PropName("Prop2")]
public string B { get; set; }
[PropName("Prop3")]
public string C { get; set; }
}
public class C2
{
[PropName("Prop1")]
public string D { get; set; }
[PropName("Prop2")]
public string E { get; set; }
[PropName("Prop3")]
public string F { get; set; }
}
public class ProxyBuilder
{
private static readonly Dictionary<Tuple<Type, Type>, Type> _proxyClasses = new Dictionary<Tuple<Type, Type>, Type>();
private static readonly AssemblyName _assemblyName = new AssemblyName("ProxyBuilderClasses");
private static readonly AssemblyBuilder _assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(_assemblyName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);
private static readonly ModuleBuilder _moduleBuilder = _assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule(_assemblyName.Name, _assemblyName.Name + ".dll");
public static void SaveProxyAssembly()
{
_assemblyBuilder.Save(_assemblyName.Name + ".dll");
}
public static Type GetProxyTypeForBackingType(Type proxyInterface, Type backingType)
{
var key = Tuple.Create(proxyInterface, backingType);
Type returnType;
if (_proxyClasses.TryGetValue(key, out returnType))
return returnType;
var typeBuilder = _moduleBuilder.DefineType(
"ProxyClassProxies." + "Proxy_" + proxyInterface.Name + "_To_" + backingType.Name,
TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Sealed,
typeof (Object),
new[]
{
proxyInterface
});
//build backing object field
var backingObjectField = typeBuilder.DefineField("_backingObject", backingType, FieldAttributes.Private);
//build constructor
var ctor = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, new[] {backingType});
var ctorIL = ctor.GetILGenerator();
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
var ctorInfo = typeof (Object).GetConstructor(types: Type.EmptyTypes);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, ctorInfo);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, backingObjectField);
ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
foreach (var targetPropertyInfo in backingType.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance))
{
var propertyName = targetPropertyInfo.Name;
var attributes = targetPropertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (PropName), true);
if (attributes.Length > 0 && attributes[0] != null)
propertyName = (attributes[0] as PropName).Name;
var propBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineProperty(propertyName, PropertyAttributes.HasDefault, targetPropertyInfo.PropertyType, null);
const MethodAttributes getSetAttrs =
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.Final | MethodAttributes.Virtual;
//build get method
var getBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
"get_" + propertyName,
getSetAttrs,
targetPropertyInfo.PropertyType,
Type.EmptyTypes);
var getIL = getBuilder.GetILGenerator();
getIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
getIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, backingObjectField);
getIL.EmitCall(OpCodes.Callvirt, targetPropertyInfo.GetGetMethod(), Type.EmptyTypes);
getIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
propBuilder.SetGetMethod(getBuilder);
//build set method
var setBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
"set_" + propertyName,
getSetAttrs,
null,
new[] {targetPropertyInfo.PropertyType});
var setIL = setBuilder.GetILGenerator();
setIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
setIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, backingObjectField);
setIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
setIL.EmitCall(OpCodes.Callvirt, targetPropertyInfo.GetSetMethod(), new[] {targetPropertyInfo.PropertyType});
setIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
propBuilder.SetSetMethod(setBuilder);
}
returnType = typeBuilder.CreateType();
_proxyClasses.Add(key, returnType);
return returnType;
}
public static TIProxy CreateProxyObject<TIProxy>(object backingObject, out TIProxy outProxy) where TIProxy : class
{
var t = GetProxyTypeForBackingType(typeof (TIProxy), backingObject.GetType());
outProxy = Activator.CreateInstance(t, backingObject) as TIProxy;
return outProxy;
}
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
var c1 = new C1();
IC c1Proxy;
CreateProxyObject(c1, out c1Proxy);
var c2 = new C2();
IC c2Proxy;
CreateProxyObject(c2, out c2Proxy);
c1Proxy.Prop1 = "c1Prop1Value";
Debug.Assert(c1.A.Equals("c1Prop1Value"));
c2Proxy.Prop1 = "c2Prop1Value";
Debug.Assert(c2.D.Equals("c2Prop1Value"));
//so you can check it out in reflector
SaveProxyAssembly();
}
private static void OperationWithProp1(object o)
{
IC proxy;
CreateProxyObject(o, out proxy);
string prop1 = proxy.Prop1;
// Do something with prop1
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
IMO,为了清晰/可维护性而使用过载。如果有很多重叠的代码,请将其分解为单独的方法。
话虽这么说,我假设你首先关注的是可维护性,因为你没有提到速度。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
为了获得最佳性能,您应该为每个属性编写一对静态方法,格式为:
[PropName("Prop1")]
static string Prop1Getter(thisType it) { return it.WhateverProperty; }
[PropName("Prop1")]
static string Prop1Setter(thisType it, string st) { it.WhateverProperty = st; }
我建议您使用Reflection生成委托,并使用静态泛型类来缓存它们。实际上,你有一个私有静态类PropertyAccessors<T>
,其代理声明如下:
const int numProperties = 3;
public Func<T, string>[] Getters;
public Action<T, string>[] Setters;
然后,静态构造函数会执行以下操作:
Getters = new Func<T, string>[numProperties];
Setters = new Action<T, string>[numProperties];
for (int i = 0; i< numProperties; i++)
{
int ii = i; // Important--ensure closure is inside loop
Getters[ii] = (T it) => FindSetAndRunGetter(ii, it);
Setters[ii] = (T it, string st) => FindSetAndRunSetter(ii, it, st);
}
FindSetAndRunGetter(ii,it)
方法应该搜索适当的属性getter,并且 - 如果找到 - 将Getters[ii]
设置为指向适当的属性getter,运行一次,然后返回结果。 FindSetAndRunSetter(ii, it, st)
应该对属性设置器执行相同操作,并以st
作为参数运行一次。
使用这种方法将结合使用Reflection的多功能性和“自动升级”(意味着在未来类中自动查找方法的能力),其速度可与硬编码方法的速度相媲美(如果不是更好)。一个烦恼是需要定义如上所述的静态方法。可能可以使用Reflection.Emit
自动生成包含此类方法的静态类,但这超出了我的专业水平。