我有一张这样的表:
id parent_id name
1 1 Root
2 1 Car
3 1 Plane
4 2 BMW
5 4 CLK
如何在Delphi中动态创建包含所有子项的弹出菜单?
这应该是这样的:
答案 0 :(得分:3)
针对这样一个简单问题的解决方案太多了。太糟糕了,你订购了ID,因为没有订购ID的东西会更有趣。这是我自己的解决方案。在空表单上放置一个按钮,一个TClientDataSet和一个TPopupMenu。使表单的PopupMenu = PopupMenu1,以便您可以看到结果。将其添加到Button1.OnClick:
注意:我故意使用TClientDataSet而不是真正的查询。这个问题与查询无关,此解决方案适用于您抛出的任何TDataSet后代。只需确保在id
上对结果集进行排序,否则您可以在父项之前看到子节点。另请注意,一半的代码用于填充ClientDataSet和问题中的示例数据!
procedure TForm16.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var Prev: TDictionary<Integer, TMenuItem>; // We will use this to keep track of previously generated nodes so we do not need to search for them
CurrentItem, ParentItem: TMenuItem;
begin
if not ClientDataSet1.Active then
begin
// Prepare the ClientDataSet1 structure
ClientDataSet1.FieldDefs.Add('id', ftInteger);
ClientDataSet1.FieldDefs.Add('parent_id', ftInteger);
ClientDataSet1.FieldDefs.Add('name', ftString, 100);
ClientDataSet1.CreateDataSet;
// Fill the dataset
ClientDataSet1.AppendRecord([1, 1, 'Root']);
ClientDataSet1.AppendRecord([2, 1, 'Car']);
ClientDataSet1.AppendRecord([3, 1, 'Plane']);
ClientDataSet1.AppendRecord([4, 2, 'BMW']);
ClientDataSet1.AppendRecord([5, 4, 'CLK']);
end;
// Clear the existing menu
PopupMenu1.Items.Clear;
// Prepare the loop
Prev := TDictionary<Integer, TMenuItem>.Create;
try
ClientDataSet1.First; // Not required for a true SQL Query, only required here for re-entry
while not ClientDataSet1.Eof do
begin
CurrentItem := TMenuItem.Create(Self);
CurrentItem.Caption := ClientDataSet1['name'];
if (not ClientDataSet1.FieldByName('parent_id').IsNull) and Prev.TryGetValue(ClientDataSet1['parent_id'], ParentItem) then
ParentItem.Add(CurrentItem)
else
PopupMenu1.Items.Add(CurrentItem);
// Put the current Item in the dictionary for future reference
Prev.Add(ClientDataSet1['id'], CurrentItem);
ClientDataSet1.Next;
end;
finally Prev.Free;
end;
end;
答案 1 :(得分:3)
假设根元素的NULL为Parent_ID,您可以发出请求
Select ID, Parent_ID, Name from all_my_menus
order by Parent_ID nulls first, ID
where Menu_ID = :MenuIDParameter
1 <NULL> Root
8 <NULL> another root
2 1 Car
4 1 Plane
3 2 BMW
5 4 CLK
您还可以缓存内存中创建的菜单项:var MI_by_id: TDictionary<integer, TMenuItem>;
遍历结果看起来像
var MI: TMenuItem;
MI_by_id: TDictionary<integer, TMenuItem>;
begin
MI_by_id := TDictionary<integer, TMenuItem>.Create;
try
While not Query.EOF do begin
MI := TMenuItem.Create(Self);
MI.Caption := Query.Fields[2].AsString;
MI.Tag := Query.Fields[0].AsInteger; // ID, would be helpful for OnClick event
MI.OnClick := ...some click handler
if Query.Fields[1].IsNull {no parent}
then MainMenu.Items.Add(MI)
else MI_by_id.Items[Query.Fields[1].AsInteger].Add(MI);
MI_by_id.Add(MI.Tag, MI); //save shortcut to potential parent for future searching
Query.Next;
end;
finally
MI_by_id.Free;
end;
end;
实际上,由于我们在查询上对Parent_ID进行了排序,所以给定父级的所有子节点都会生成单个连续列表,因此在填充最后一个子节点后(即在parent_ID获取新值之后)可能更好地从字典中删除已填充的父节点并缓存先前在其他局部变量中找到的父项(而不是通过字典进行另一次搜索)。 然而,以人为目标菜单的合理尺寸应该远不如此值得。但是你必须要理解这种方法很可能随着O(n * n)的扩展而扩展,因此随着表的增长,它会以非常快的速度开始。
注意:这还要求对于每个非根元素ID&gt; ParentID(将CHECK CONSTRAINT放在表上)
1 <NULL> Root
8 <NULL> another root
7 1 Plane
3 4 BMW
4 7 CLK
5 8 Car
这将导致宝马在其母公司CLK创建之前与其联系。 只有少数方法可以克服对这些条件的违反:
select <items> where Parent_id is null
,然后为每个添加的菜单项执行select <items> where Parent_id = :current_memuitem_id
,依此类推。这就像VirtualTreeView可以工作答案 2 :(得分:2)
试试这个
procedure TForm1.MyPopup(Sender: TObject);
begin
with Sender as TMenuItem do ShowMessage(Caption);
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
MyItem,MySubItem1: TMenuItem;
begin
Inc(Num);
MyItem:=TMenuItem.Create(Self);
MySubItem1:=TMenuItem.Create(Self);
MyItem.Caption:='Hello'+IntToStr(Num);
MySubItem1.Caption:='Good Bye'+IntToStr(Num);
MainMenu1.Items.Add(MyItem);
MainMenu1.Items[0].Insert(num-1,MySubItem1);
MyItem.OnClick:=MyPopUp;
MySubItem1.OnClick:=MyPopUp;
end;
取自http://www.greatis.com/delphicb/tips/lib/components-addmenuitem.html
答案 3 :(得分:1)
此解决方案要求root的parent_id为0,使用
进行测试Select 1 as ID, 0 as Parent_ID, 'Root' as Name
union
Select 2, 1, ' Car'
union
Select 3 , 1, 'Plane'
union
Select 4, 2, 'BMW'
union
Select 5, 4, 'CLK'
应该优化,只是缺乏时间......
Function GetMenu(pop:TPopupmenu;ID:Integer):TMenuItem;
var
i:Integer;
Function CheckItem(mi:TMenuItem):TMenuItem;
var
i:Integer;
begin
Result := nil;
if mi.Name = 'DYN_' + INtToStr(ID) then Result := mi
else for i := 0 to mi.Count-1 do
if not Assigned(Result) then Result := CheckItem(mi[i]);
end;
begin
Result := nil;
for i := 0 to pop.Items.Count-1 do
begin
if not Assigned(Result) then Result := CheckItem(pop.Items[i]);
if Assigned(Result) then Break;
end;
end;
Function InsertMenuItem(pop:TPopupMenu;mi:TMenuItem;ID:Integer;Const caption:String):TMenuItem;
begin
Result := TMenuItem.Create(pop);
Result.Caption := caption;
Result.Name := 'DYN_' + INtToStr(ID) ;
if not Assigned(mi) then pop.Items.Add(Result) else mi.Add(Result);
end;
Function AddMenuItem(pop:TPopupmenu;ID:Integer;Ads:TDataset):TMenuItem;
begin
Ads.Locate('ID',ID,[]);
Result := GetMenu(pop,id);
if (not Assigned(Result)) then
begin
if (Ads.FieldByName('parent_ID').AsInteger<>0) then
begin
result := AddMenuItem(pop,Ads.FieldByName('parent_ID').AsInteger,Ads);
Ads.Locate('ID',ID,[]);
end;
Result := InsertMenuItem(pop,Result,ID,Ads.FieldByName('Name').AsString);
end;
Ads.Locate('ID',ID,[]);
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
while not ADS.Eof do
begin
AddMenuItem(Popupmenu1,ads.FieldByName('ID').AsInteger,Ads);
Ads.Next
end;
end;
答案 4 :(得分:1)
有趣的难题......另一个深夜的想法,一个重复使用的实际答案:)
制作派生组件:
type
TCascadeMenuItem = class(TMenuItem)
private
Id: Integer;
public
function AddItem(const ToId, WithId: Integer; AName: string): Boolean;
end;
代码
function TCascadeMenuItem.AddItem(const ToId, WithId: Integer; AName: string): Boolean;
var
i: Integer;
cmi: TCascadeMenuItem;
begin
if ToId = Id then
begin
cmi := TCascadeMenuItem.Create(Owner);
cmi.Caption := AName;
cmi.Id := WithId;
Add(cmi);
Result := True;
end
else begin
i := 0;
Result := False;
while (i < Count) and (not Result) do
begin
Result := TCascadeMenuItem(Items[i]).AddItem(ToId,WithId, ANAme);
inc(i);
end;
end;
端;
主要表格,假设您的数据:
procedure TForm4.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
mi: TCascadeMenuItem;
i: Integer;
Added: Boolean;
begin
cds1.First;
while not cds1.Eof do
begin
i := 0;
Added := False;
while (i < pup.Items.Count) and (not Added) do
begin
Added := TCascadeMenuItem(pup.Items[i]).AddItem(cds1Parent_Id.AsInteger, cds1id.AsInteger, cds1name.AsString);
inc(i);
end;
if not Added then
begin // new root
mi := TCasCadeMenuItem.Create(Self);
mi.Caption := cds1name.AsString;
mi.id := cds1Parent_Id.AsInteger;
pup.Items.Add(mi);
end;
cds1.Next;
end;
end;
您可以派生一个TCascasePopupMenu并将其放在调色板上:)