Ruby中是否有任何方法可以让一个类知道它有多少个实例并且可以列出它们?
以下是一个示例类:
class Project
attr_accessor :name, :tasks
def initialize(options)
@name = options[:name]
@tasks = options[:tasks]
end
def self.all
# return listing of project objects
end
def self.count
# return a count of existing projects
end
end
现在我创建这个类的项目对象:
options1 = {
name: 'Building house',
priority: 2,
tasks: []
}
options2 = {
name: 'Getting a loan from the Bank',
priority: 3,
tasks: []
}
@project1 = Project.new(options1)
@project2 = Project.new(options2)
我想要的是让Project.all
和Project.count
等类方法返回当前项目的列表和计数。
我该怎么做?
答案 0 :(得分:42)
您可以使用ObjectSpace
模块执行此操作,尤其是each_object
方法。
ObjectSpace.each_object(Project).count
为了完整起见,这里是你如何在课堂上使用它(帽子提示sawa)
class Project
# ...
def self.all
ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a
end
def self.count
all.count
end
end
答案 1 :(得分:7)
一种方法是在创建新实例时跟踪它。
class Project
@@count = 0
@@instances = []
def initialize(options)
@@count += 1
@@instances << self
end
def self.all
@@instances.inspect
end
def self.count
@@count
end
end
如果您想使用ObjectSpace
,那么
def self.count
ObjectSpace.each_object(self).count
end
def self.all
ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a
end
答案 2 :(得分:4)
class Project
def self.all; ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a end
def self.count; all.length end
end
答案 3 :(得分:2)
也许这会奏效:
class Project
class << self; attr_accessor :instances; end
attr_accessor :name, :tasks
def initialize(options)
@name = options[:name]
@tasks = options[:tasks]
self.class.instances ||= Array.new
self.class.instances << self
end
def self.all
# return listing of project objects
instances ? instances.dup : []
end
def self.count
# return a count of existing projects
instances ? instances.count : 0
end
def destroy
self.class.instances.delete(self)
end
end
但是你必须手动销毁这些对象。也许可以基于ObjectSpace模块构建其他解决方案。