mysql中的行到列转换

时间:2013-01-14 11:29:35

标签: mysql pivot

下面是我的表结构,我想将其转换为另一种格式(从行到列类型)我已经尝试了很多但是我无法这样做。

StudentID | Mark | Subject
-------------------------
10        |46    |Java
--------------------------
10        |65    |C#
--------------------------
10        |79    |JavaScript
---------------------------
11        |66    |Java
--------------------------
11        |85    |C#
--------------------------
11        |99    |JavaScript
--------------------------

O / P应该是:

StudentID | Java | C# | JavaScript
---------------------------------
10        |  46  | 65 |   79
---------------------------------
11        |  66  | 85 |  99
-------------------------------

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

此类数据转换称为 pivot 。 MySQL没有pivot函数,因此您需要使用带有CASE表达式的聚合函数来转换数据。

如果您提前知道变换的值,那么您可以对它们进行类似的硬编码:

select studentid,
  sum(case when subject = 'Java' then mark else 0 end) Java,
  sum(case when subject = 'C#' then mark else 0 end) `C#`,
  sum(case when subject = 'JavaScript' then mark else 0 end) JavaScript
from yourtable
group by studentid

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo

如果主题的值未知或灵活,那么您可能希望使用预准备语句来生成动态sql:

SET @sql = NULL;
SELECT
  GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
    CONCAT(
      'sum(case when subject = ''',
      subject,
      ''' then mark else 0 end) AS `',
      subject, '`'
    )
  ) INTO @sql
FROM  yourtable;

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT studentid, ', @sql, ' 
                  from yourtable
                  group by studentid');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo

两个查询的结果是:

| STUDENTID | JAVA | C# | JAVASCRIPT |
--------------------------------------
|        10 |   46 | 65 |         79 |
|        11 |   66 | 85 |         99 |