SQL SELECT WHERE字段包含单词

Question

我需要一个可以返回结果的选择：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS 'word1 word2 word3'

我需要所有结果，即这包括带有'word2 word3 word1'或'word1 word3 word2'的字符串或三者的任何其他组合。

所有单词都必须在结果中。

Answer 1

相当慢，但工作方法包括任何字词：

SELECT * FROM mytable
WHERE column1 LIKE '%word1%'
   OR column1 LIKE '%word2%'
   OR column1 LIKE '%word3%'

如果您需要所有字词，请使用：

SELECT * FROM mytable
WHERE column1 LIKE '%word1%'
  AND column1 LIKE '%word2%'
  AND column1 LIKE '%word3%'

如果你想要更快的东西，你需要查看全文搜索，这对每种数据库类型都是非常具体的。

Answer 2

请注意，如果您使用LIKE来确定字符串是否是另一个字符串的子字符串，则必须转义搜索字符串中的模式匹配字符。

如果您的SQL方言支持CHARINDEX，则使用它会更容易：

SELECT * FROM MyTable
WHERE CHARINDEX('word1', Column1) > 0
  AND CHARINDEX('word2', Column1) > 0
  AND CHARINDEX('word3', Column1) > 0

另外，请记住，这个和接受的答案中的方法只包括子字符串匹配而不是字匹配。因此，例如，字符串'word1word2word3'仍将匹配。

Answer 3

功能

 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnSplit] ( @sep CHAR(1), @str VARCHAR(512) )
 RETURNS TABLE AS
 RETURN (
           WITH Pieces(pn, start, stop) AS (
           SELECT 1, 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @str)
           UNION ALL
           SELECT pn + 1, stop + 1, CHARINDEX(@sep, @str, stop + 1)
           FROM Pieces
           WHERE stop > 0
      )

      SELECT
           pn AS Id,
           SUBSTRING(@str, start, CASE WHEN stop > 0 THEN stop - start ELSE 512 END) AS Data
      FROM
           Pieces
 )

查询

 DECLARE @FilterTable TABLE (Data VARCHAR(512))

 INSERT INTO @FilterTable (Data)
 SELECT DISTINCT S.Data
 FROM fnSplit(' ', 'word1 word2 word3') S -- Contains words

 SELECT DISTINCT
      T.*
 FROM
      MyTable T
      INNER JOIN @FilterTable F1 ON T.Column1 LIKE '%' + F1.Data + '%'
      LEFT JOIN @FilterTable F2 ON T.Column1 NOT LIKE '%' + F2.Data + '%'
 WHERE
      F2.Data IS NULL

Answer 4

而不是SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS 'word1 word2 word3'， 在这些词之间添加：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS 'word1 And word2 And word3'

有关详情，请参阅此处 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187787.aspx

<强>更新

要选择短语，请使用双引号，如：

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 CONTAINS '"Phrase one" And word2 And "Phrase Two"'

p.s。 在使用contains关键字之前，您必须先在表格上启用全文搜索。有关详细信息，请参阅此处https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/search/get-started-with-full-text-search

Answer 5

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE 
Column1 LIKE '%word1%'
AND Column1 LIKE '%word2%'
AND Column1 LIKE  '%word3%'

根据编辑问题将OR更改为AND。

Answer 6

如果您使用的是 Oracle数据库，则可以使用contains查询来实现此目的。包含查询比查询更快。

如果你需要所有的话

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1,'word1 and word2 and word3', 1) > 0

如果您需要任何单词

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1,'word1 or word2 or word3', 1) > 0

在列上包含 CONTEXT 类型的需求索引。

CREATE INDEX SEARCH_IDX ON MyTable(Column) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT

Answer 7

如果您只想找到匹配项。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE INSTR('word1 word2 word3',Column1)<>0

SQL Server：

CHARINDEX(Column1, 'word1 word2 word3', 1)<>0

获得完全匹配。示例(';a;ab;ac;',';b;')将无法匹配。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE INSTR(';word1;word2;word3;',';'||Column1||';')<>0

Answer 8

尝试在MS SQL Server中的全文索引中使用“tesarus搜索”。如果您有数百万条记录，这比在搜索中使用“％”要好得多。 tesarus的内存消耗量比其他内存少。 尝试搜索此功能：）

Answer 9

最好的方法是在表格中的列上创建全文索引 并使用包含而不是LIKE

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE 
contains(Column1 , N'word1' )
AND contains(Column1 , N'word2' )
AND contains(Column1 , N'word3' )

Answer 10

实现问题中提到的内容的最简单方法之一是使用CONTAINS和NEAR或'〜'。例如，以下查询将为我们提供专门包含word1，word2和word3的所有列。

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1, 'word1 NEAR word2 NEAR word3')

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE CONTAINS(Column1, 'word1 ~ word2 ~ word3')

此外，CONTAINSTABLE根据“word1”，“word2”和“word3”的接近度返回每个文档的排名。例如，如果文档包含句子“word1是word2和word3”，则其排名会很高，因为这些术语比其他文档更接近彼此。

我想补充的另一件事是，我们还可以使用proximity_term来查找列在列短语内的特定距离内的列。

Answer 11

如果使用的话，最好在sql server全文搜索的帮助下完成。 但是，如果由于某种原因而无法在数据库上工作，这是一个性能密集型解决方案：-

-- table to search in
CREATE TABLE dbo.myTable
    (
    myTableId int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
    code varchar(200) NOT NULL, 
    description varchar(200) NOT NULL -- this column contains the values we are going to search in 
    )  ON [PRIMARY]
GO

-- function to split space separated search string into individual words
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnSplit] (@StringInput nvarchar(max),
@Delimiter nvarchar(1))
RETURNS @OutputTable TABLE (
  id nvarchar(1000)
)
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @String nvarchar(100);

  WHILE LEN(@StringInput) > 0
  BEGIN
    SET @String = LEFT(@StringInput, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @StringInput) - 1, -1),
    LEN(@StringInput)));
    SET @StringInput = SUBSTRING(@StringInput, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX
    (
    @Delimiter, @StringInput
    ),
    0
    ), LEN
    (
    @StringInput)
    )
    + 1, LEN(@StringInput));

    INSERT INTO @OutputTable (id)
      VALUES (@String);
  END;

  RETURN;
END;
GO

-- this is the search script which can be optionally converted to a stored procedure /function


declare @search varchar(max) = 'infection upper acute genito'; -- enter your search string here
-- the searched string above should give rows containing the following
-- infection in upper side with acute genitointestinal tract
-- acute infection in upper teeth
-- acute genitointestinal pain

if (len(trim(@search)) = 0) -- if search string is empty, just return records ordered alphabetically
begin
 select 1 as Priority ,myTableid, code, Description from myTable order by Description 
 return;
end

declare @splitTable Table(
wordRank int Identity(1,1), -- individual words are assinged priority order (in order of occurence/position)
word varchar(200)
)
declare @nonWordTable Table( -- table to trim out auxiliary verbs, prepositions etc. from the search
id varchar(200)
)

insert into @nonWordTable values
('of'),
('with'),
('at'),
('in'),
('for'),
('on'),
('by'),
('like'),
('up'),
('off'),
('near'),
('is'),
('are'),
(','),
(':'),
(';')

insert into @splitTable
select id from dbo.fnSplit(@search,' '); -- this function gives you a table with rows containing all the space separated words of the search like in this e.g., the output will be -
--  id
-------------
-- infection
-- upper
-- acute
-- genito

delete s from @splitTable s join @nonWordTable n  on s.word = n.id; -- trimming out non-words here
declare @countOfSearchStrings int = (select count(word) from @splitTable);  -- count of space separated words for search
declare @highestPriority int = POWER(@countOfSearchStrings,3);

with plainMatches as
(
select myTableid, @highestPriority as Priority from myTable where Description like @search  -- exact matches have highest priority
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-1 as Priority from myTable where Description like  @search + '%'  -- then with something at the end
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-2 as Priority from myTable where Description like '%' + @search -- then with something at the beginning
union                                      
select myTableid, @highestPriority-3 as Priority from myTable where Description like '%' + @search + '%' -- then if the word falls somewhere in between
),
splitWordMatches as( -- give each searched word a rank based on its position in the searched string
                     -- and calculate its char index in the field to search
select myTable.myTableid, (@countOfSearchStrings - s.wordRank) as Priority, s.word,
wordIndex = CHARINDEX(s.word, myTable.Description)  from myTable join @splitTable s on myTable.Description like '%'+ s.word + '%'
-- and not exists(select myTableid from plainMatches p where p.myTableId = myTable.myTableId) -- need not look into myTables that have already been found in plainmatches as they are highest ranked
                                                                              -- this one takes a long time though, so commenting it, will have no impact on the result
),
matchingRowsWithAllWords as (
 select myTableid, count(myTableid) as myTableCount from splitWordMatches group by(myTableid) having count(myTableid) = @countOfSearchStrings
)
, -- trim off the CTE here if you don't care about the ordering of words to be considered for priority
wordIndexRatings as( -- reverse the char indexes retrived above so that words occuring earlier have higher weightage
                     -- and then normalize them to sequential values
select s.myTableid, Priority, word, ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by s.myTableid order by wordindex desc) as comparativeWordIndex 
from splitWordMatches s join matchingRowsWithAllWords m on s.myTableId = m.myTableId
)
,
wordIndexSequenceRatings as ( -- need to do this to ensure that if the same set of words from search string is found in two rows,
                              -- their sequence in the field value is taken into account for higher priority
    select w.myTableid, w.word, (w.Priority + w.comparativeWordIndex + coalesce(sequncedPriority ,0)) as Priority
    from wordIndexRatings w left join 
    (
     select w1.myTableid, w1.priority, w1.word, w1.comparativeWordIndex, count(w1.myTableid) as sequncedPriority
     from wordIndexRatings w1 join wordIndexRatings w2 on w1.myTableId = w2.myTableId and w1.Priority > w2.Priority and w1.comparativeWordIndex>w2.comparativeWordIndex
     group by w1.myTableid, w1.priority,w1.word, w1.comparativeWordIndex
    ) 
    sequencedPriority on w.myTableId = sequencedPriority.myTableId and w.Priority = sequencedPriority.Priority
),
prioritizedSplitWordMatches as ( -- this calculates the cumulative priority for a field value
select  w1.myTableId, sum(w1.Priority) as OverallPriority from wordIndexSequenceRatings w1 join wordIndexSequenceRatings w2 on w1.myTableId =  w2.myTableId 
where w1.word <> w2.word group by w1.myTableid 
),
completeSet as (
select myTableid, priority from plainMatches -- get plain matches which should be highest ranked
union
select myTableid, OverallPriority as priority from prioritizedSplitWordMatches -- get ranked split word matches (which are ordered based on word rank in search string and sequence)
),
maximizedCompleteSet as( -- set the priority of a field value = maximum priority for that field value
select myTableid, max(priority) as Priority  from completeSet group by myTableId
)
select priority, myTable.myTableid , code, Description from maximizedCompleteSet m join myTable  on m.myTableId = myTable.myTableId 
order by Priority desc, Description -- order by priority desc to get highest rated items on top
--offset 0 rows fetch next 50 rows only -- optional paging

Answer 12

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE Column1 Like "*word*"

这将显示column1部分值包含word的所有记录。

Answer 13

为什么不在＆＃34;中使用＆＃34;代替？

Select *
from table
where columnname in (word1, word2, word3)

Answer 14

define('CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT', 28);

if (curl_errno($ch) === CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT) {
    // Do something on timeout.
}

Answer 15

select * from table where name regexp '^word[1-3]$'

或

select * from table where name in ('word1','word2','word3')