如何在不同的时间按不同的参数对列表进行排序

时间:2009-09-14 12:43:10

标签: java sorting

我有一个名为Person的类,它有多个属性,例如:

public class Person {
    private int id;
    private String name, address;
    // Many more properties.
}

许多Person - 对象存储在ArrayList<Person>中。我想通过多个排序参数对此列表进行排序,并且不时会有所不同。例如,我可能有一次希望按name升序然后address降序排序,而另一次按id降序排序。

而且我不想创建自己的排序方法(即,我想使用Collections.sort(personList, someComparator)。实现此目的的最优雅解决方案是什么?

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:193)

我认为你的枚举方法基本上是合理的,但是switch语句确实需要更加面向对象的方法。考虑:

enum PersonComparator implements Comparator<Person> {
    ID_SORT {
        public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
            return Integer.valueOf(o1.getId()).compareTo(o2.getId());
        }},
    NAME_SORT {
        public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
            return o1.getFullName().compareTo(o2.getFullName());
        }};

    public static Comparator<Person> decending(final Comparator<Person> other) {
        return new Comparator<Person>() {
            public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
                return -1 * other.compare(o1, o2);
            }
        };
    }

    public static Comparator<Person> getComparator(final PersonComparator... multipleOptions) {
        return new Comparator<Person>() {
            public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
                for (PersonComparator option : multipleOptions) {
                    int result = option.compare(o1, o2);
                    if (result != 0) {
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                return 0;
            }
        };
    }
}

使用示例(使用静态导入)。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Person> list = null;
    Collections.sort(list, decending(getComparator(NAME_SORT, ID_SORT)));
}

答案 1 :(得分:26)

你可以为你想要排序的每个属性创建比较器,然后尝试“比较器链接”:-)像这样:

public class ChainedComparator<T> implements Comparator<T> {
    private List<Comparator<T>> simpleComparators; 
    public ChainedComparator(Comparator<T>... simpleComparators) {
        this.simpleComparators = Arrays.asList(simpleComparators);
    }
    public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
        for (Comparator<T> comparator : simpleComparators) {
            int result = comparator.compare(o1, o2);
            if (result != 0) {
                return result;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:16)

一种方法是创建一个Comparator,它将要排序的属性列表作为参数,如本例所示。

public class Person {
    private int id;
    private String name, address;

    public static Comparator<Person> getComparator(SortParameter... sortParameters) {
        return new PersonComparator(sortParameters);
    }

    public enum SortParameter {
        ID_ASCENDING, ID_DESCENDING, NAME_ASCENDING,
        NAME_DESCENDING, ADDRESS_ASCENDING, ADDRESS_DESCENDING
    }

    private static class PersonComparator implements Comparator<Person> {
        private SortParameter[] parameters;

        private PersonComparator(SortParameter[] parameters) {
            this.parameters = parameters;
        }

        public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
            int comparison;
            for (SortParameter parameter : parameters) {
                switch (parameter) {
                    case ID_ASCENDING:
                        comparison = o1.id - o2.id;
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                    case ID_DESCENDING:
                        comparison = o2.id - o1.id;
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                    case NAME_ASCENDING:
                        comparison = o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                    case NAME_DESCENDING:
                        comparison = o2.name.compareTo(o1.name);
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                    case ADDRESS_ASCENDING:
                        comparison = o1.address.compareTo(o2.address);
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                    case ADDRESS_DESCENDING:
                        comparison = o2.address.compareTo(o1.address);
                        if (comparison != 0) return comparison;
                        break;
                }
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

然后可以在代码中使用它,例如:

cp = Person.getComparator(Person.SortParameter.ADDRESS_ASCENDING,
                          Person.SortParameter.NAME_DESCENDING);
Collections.sort(personList, cp);

答案 3 :(得分:8)

一种方法是撰写Comparator。这可能是一个库方法(我确定它存在于某处)。

public static <T> Comparator<T> compose(
    final Comparator<? super T> primary,
    final Comparator<? super T> secondary
) {
    return new Comparator<T>() {
        public int compare(T a, T b) {
            int result = primary.compare(a, b);
            return result==0 ? secondary.compare(a, b) : result;
        }
        [...]
    };
}

使用:

Collections.sort(people, compose(nameComparator, addressComparator));

或者,请注意Collections.sort是一种稳定的排序。如果性能不是绝对至关重要,则排序为主要之前的次要订单。

Collections.sort(people, addressComparator);
Collections.sort(people, nameComparator);

答案 4 :(得分:4)

比较器可让您轻松自然地完成此操作。您可以在Person类本身或与您需要相关的Service类中创建单个比较器实例 示例,使用匿名内部类:

    public static final Comparator<Person> NAME_ASC_ADRESS_DESC
     = new Comparator<Person>() {
      public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
         int nameOrder = p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName);
         if(nameOrder != 0) {
           return nameOrder;
         }
         return -1 * p1.getAdress().comparedTo(p2.getAdress());
         // I use explicit -1 to be clear that the order is reversed
      }
    };

    public static final Comparator<Person> ID_DESC
     = new Comparator<Person>() {
      public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
         return -1 * p1.getId().comparedTo(p2.getId());
         // I use explicit -1 to be clear that the order is reversed
      }
    };
    // and other comparator instances as needed... 

如果您有很多,您也可以以您喜欢的方式构建比较器代码。例如,您可以:

  • 继承自另一个比较器,
  • 有一个CompositeComparator来聚合一些现有的比较器
  • 有一个处理空案例的NullComparator,然后委托给另一个比较器
  • 等...

答案 5 :(得分:2)

我认为将分拣机耦合到Person类,就像你的答案一样,不是一个好主意,因为它将比较(通常是业务驱动的)和模型对象相互接近。 每次你想要改变/添加分拣机的东西时,你需要触摸人类,这通常是你不想做的事情。

使用服务或类似的东西,它提供了像KLE提出的Comparator实例,听起来更灵活,更具扩展性。

答案 6 :(得分:2)

我的方法是建立在Yishai的基础之上。主要差距是没有办法对属性进行首先升序排序,然后对另一个属性进行降序排序。使用枚举无法做到这一点。为此,我使用了课程。因为SortOrder强烈依赖于我更喜欢​​将其实现为人的内部类的类型。

班级&#39;人员&#39;内部班级&#39; SortOrder&#39;:

import java.util.Comparator;

public class Person {
    private int id;
    private String firstName; 
    private String secondName;

    public Person(int id, String firstName, String secondName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.secondName = secondName;   
    }

    public abstract static class SortOrder implements Comparator<Person> {
        public static SortOrder PERSON_ID = new SortOrder() {
            public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
                return Integer.valueOf(p1.getId()).compareTo(p2.getId());
            }
        };
        public static SortOrder PERSON_FIRST_NAME = new SortOrder() {
            public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
                return p1.getFirstName().compareTo(p2.getFirstName());
            }
        };
        public static SortOrder PERSON_SECOND_NAME = new SortOrder() {
            public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
                return p1.getSecondName().compareTo(p2.getSecondName());
            }
        };

        public static SortOrder invertOrder(final SortOrder toInvert) {
            return new SortOrder() {
                public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
                    return -1 * toInvert.compare(p1, p2);
                }
            };
        }

        public static Comparator<Person> combineSortOrders(final SortOrder... multipleSortOrders) {
            return new Comparator<Person>() {
                public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
                    for (SortOrder personComparator: multipleSortOrders) {
                        int result = personComparator.compare(p1, p2);
                        if (result != 0) {
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                    return 0;
                }
            };
        }
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public String getSecondName() {
        return secondName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

        result.append("Person with id: ");
        result.append(id);
        result.append(" and firstName: ");
        result.append(firstName);
        result.append(" and secondName: ");
        result.append(secondName);
        result.append(".");

        return result.toString();
    }
}

使用Person类及其SortOrder的示例:

import static multiplesortorder.Person.SortOrder.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import multiplesortorder.Person;

public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Person> listPersons = new ArrayList<Person>(Arrays.asList(
                 new Person(0, "...", "..."),
                 new Person(1, "...", "...")
             ));

         Collections.sort(listPersons, combineSortOrders(PERSON_FIRST_NAME, invertOrder(PERSON_ID)));

         for (Person p: listPersons) {
             System.out.println(p.toString());
         }
    }
}

oRUMOo

答案 7 :(得分:0)

我最近编写了一个Comparator来对分隔的String记录中的多个字段进行排序。它允许您定义分隔符,记录结构和排序规则(其中一些是特定于类型的)。您可以通过将Person记录转换为分隔的String来使用它。

所需信息以编程方式或通过XML文件播种到Comparator本身。

XML由包嵌入的XSD文件验证。例如,下面是制表符分隔的记录布局,其中包含四个字段(其中两个是可排序的):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 
<row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

    <delimiter>&#009;</delimiter>

    <column xsi:type="Decimal">
        <name>Column One</name>
    </column>

    <column xsi:type="Integer">
        <name>Column Two</name>
    </column>

    <column xsi:type="String">
        <name>Column Three</name>
        <sortOrder>2</sortOrder>
        <trim>true</trim>
        <caseSensitive>false</caseSensitive>        
        <stripAccents>true</stripAccents>
    </column>

    <column xsi:type="DateTime">
        <name>Column Four</name>
        <sortOrder>1</sortOrder>
        <ascending>true</ascending>
        <nullLowSortOrder>true</nullLowSortOrder>
        <trim>true</trim>
        <pattern>yyyy-MM-dd</pattern>
    </column>

</row>

然后你会在java中使用它:

Comparator<String> comparator = new RowComparator(
              new XMLStructureReader(new File("layout.xml")));

图书馆可以在这里找到:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/multicolumnrowcomparator/

答案 8 :(得分:0)

假设有一个类Coordinate,并且必须根据X坐标和Y坐标以两种方式对其进行排序。它需要两个不同的比较器。以下是样本

class Coordinate
{

    int x,y;

    public Coordinate(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    static Comparator<Coordinate> getCoordinateXComparator() {
        return new Comparator<Coordinate>() {

            @Override
            public int compare(Coordinate Coordinate1, Coordinate Coordinate2) {
                if(Coordinate1.x < Coordinate2.x)
                    return 1;
                else
                    return 0;
            }
            // compare using Coordinate x
        };
    }

    static Comparator<Coordinate> getCoordinateYComparator() {
        return new Comparator<Coordinate>() {

            @Override
            public int compare(Coordinate Coordinate1, Coordinate Coordinate2) {
                if(Coordinate1.y < Coordinate2.y)
                    return 1;
                else
                    return 0;
            }
            // compare using Coordinate y
        };
    }
}