Question

我知道这已被问了很多次，因此很难深入研究这个问题并找到一个有效的简单例子。

我有这个，它很简单，适用于MyClass ......

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();
        static void Callback(MyClass* instance, int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

class EventHandler
{
    public:
        void addHandler(MyClass* owner)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner,1);
        }
};

EventHandler* handler;

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    private_x = 5;
    handler->addHandler(this);
}

void MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x)
{
    cout << x + instance->private_x << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    handler = new EventHandler();
    MyClass* myClass = new MyClass();
}

class YourClass
{
    public:
        YourClass();
        static void Callback(YourClass* instance, int x);
};

如何重写，以便EventHandler::addHandler()同时适用于MyClass和YourClass。我很抱歉，但这只是我的大脑工作的方式，我需要看一个简单的例子，说明在我理解为什么/如何工作之前有效的方法。如果你有一个最喜欢的方式让这个工作现在是时候展示它，请标记该代码并将其发回。

[编辑]

答案已被回答，但在我给出复选标记之前，答案已被删除。我的答案是一个模板化的功能。将addHandler更改为此...

class EventHandler
{
    public:
        template<typename T>
        void addHandler(T* owner)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner,1);
        }
};

Answer 1

您可以使用新的C ++ 11标准中的功能，而不是使用静态方法并传递指向类实例的指针：std::function和std::bind：

#include <functional>
class EventHandler
{
    public:
        void addHandler(std::function<void(int)> callback)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            // Let's pretend an event just occured
            callback(1);
        }
};

addHandler方法现在接受std::function参数，并且此“函数对象”没有返回值，并以整数作为参数。

要将其绑定到特定功能，请使用std::bind：

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();

        // Note: No longer marked `static`, and only takes the actual argument
        void Callback(int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    using namespace std::placeholders; // for `_1`

    private_x = 5;
    handler->addHandler(std::bind(&MyClass::Callback, this, _1));
}

void MyClass::Callback(int x)
{
    // No longer needs an explicit `instance` argument,
    // as `this` is set up properly
    cout << x + private_x << endl;
}

添加处理程序时需要使用std::bind，因为您明确需要将其他隐式this指针指定为参数。如果您具有独立功能，则不必使用std::bind：

void freeStandingCallback(int x)
{
    // ...
}

int main()
{
    // ...
    handler->addHandler(freeStandingCallback);
}

让事件处理程序使用std::function个对象，也可以使用新的C ++ 11 lambda functions：

handler->addHandler([](int x) { std::cout << "x is " << x << '\n'; });

Answer 2

您要做的是创建一个处理此代码的接口，并且所有类都实现接口。

class IEventListener{
public:
   void OnEvent(int x) = 0;  // renamed Callback to OnEvent removed the instance, you can add it back if you want.
};


class MyClass :public IEventListener
{
    ...
    void OnEvent(int x); //typically such a function is NOT static. This wont work if it is static.
};

class YourClass :public IEventListener
{

请注意，要使其工作，“回调”功能是非静态的，我相信是一种改进。如果你想要它是静态的，你需要像JaredC建议的那样使用模板。

Answer 3

这是一个简洁的版本，可以使用类方法回调和常规函数回调。在此示例中，为了显示如何处理参数，回调函数采用两个参数：bool和int。

class Caller {
  template<class T> void addCallback(T* const object, void(T::* const mf)(bool,int))
  {
    using namespace std::placeholders; 
    callbacks_.emplace_back(std::bind(mf, object, _1, _2));
  }
  void addCallback(void(* const fun)(bool,int)) 
  {
    callbacks_.emplace_back(fun);
  }
  void callCallbacks(bool firstval, int secondval) 
  {
    for (const auto& cb : callbacks_)
      cb(firstval, secondval);
  }
private:
  std::vector<std::function<void(bool,int)>> callbacks_;
}

class Callee {
  void MyFunction(bool,int);
}

//then, somewhere in Callee, to add the callback, given a pointer to Caller `ptr`

ptr->addCallback(this, &Callee::MyFunction);

//or to add a call back to a regular function
ptr->addCallback(&MyRegularFunction);

这将C ++ 11特定代码限制为类Caller中的addCallback方法和私有数据。至少对我来说，这可以最大限度地减少实施时出错的可能性。

Answer 4

MyClass和YourClass都可以从具有抽象（虚拟）SomeonesClass方法的Callback派生而来。您的addHandler会接受SomeonesClass和MyClass类型的对象，而YourClass可以覆盖Callback以提供其回调行为的具体实现。

Answer 5

上面的代码中的完整工作示例。...对于C ++ 11：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <functional>

#if __cplusplus <= 199711L
  #error This file needs at least a C++11 compliant compiler, try using:
  #error    $ g++ -std=c++11 ..
#endif

using namespace std;

class EventHandler {
    public:
        void addHandler(std::function<void(int)> callback) {
            printf("\nHandler added...");
            // Let's pretend an event just occured
            callback(1);
        }
};


class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass(int);
        // Note: No longer marked `static`, and only takes the actual argument
        void Callback(int x);

    private:
        EventHandler *pHandler;
        int private_x;
};

MyClass::MyClass(int value) {
    using namespace std::placeholders; // for `_1`

    pHandler = new EventHandler();
    private_x = value;
    pHandler->addHandler(std::bind(&MyClass::Callback, this, _1));
}

void MyClass::Callback(int x) {
    // No longer needs an explicit `instance` argument,
    // as `this` is set up properly
    printf("\nResult:%d\n\n", (x+private_x));
}

// Main method
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {

    printf("\nCompiler:%ld\n", __cplusplus);
    new MyClass(5);
    return 0;
}


// where $1 is your .cpp file name... this is the command used:
// g++ -std=c++11 -Wall -o $1 $1.cpp
// chmod 700 $1
// ./$1

输出应为：

Compiler:201103

Handler added...
Result:6

Answer 6

如果您有不同参数的回调，则可以使用以下模板：
//编译：g ++ -std = c ++ 11 myTemplatedCPPcallbacks.cpp -o myTemplatedCPPcallbacksApp

#include <functional>     // c++11

#include <iostream>        // due to: cout


using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();
        static void Callback(MyClass* instance, int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

class OtherClass
{
    public:
        OtherClass();
        static void Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string str);
    private:
        std::string private_str;
};

class EventHandler
{

    public:
        template<typename T, class T2>
        void addHandler(T* owner, T2 arg2)
        {
            cout << "\nHandler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner, arg2);
         }   

};

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    private_x = 4;
    handler->addHandler(this, private_x);
}

OtherClass::OtherClass()
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    private_str = "moh ";
    handler->addHandler(this, private_str );
}

void MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x)
{
    cout << " MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x) ==> " 
         << 6 + x + instance->private_x << endl;
}

void OtherClass::Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string private_str)
{
    cout << " OtherClass::Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string private_str) ==> " 
         << " Hello " << instance->private_str << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    handler = new EventHandler();
    MyClass* myClass = new MyClass();
    OtherClass* myOtherClass = new OtherClass();
}

使用类成员的C ++回调

6 个答案: