我正在尝试修改下面的宏来接受宏参数作为dir命令的'location'参数。但是由于嵌套引号问题,我无法正确解析它。使用%str(%')不起作用,也不会出于某种原因引用函数。
当文件路径具有无空格(例如C:\ temp \ withnospace)时,宏将正常工作,因为不需要中间引号。但是我需要这个宏来处理文件路径 with spaces (例如'C:\ temp \ with space \')。
请帮忙!
%macro get_filenames(location)
filename pipedir pipe "dir &location. /b " lrecl=32767;
data filenames;
infile pipedir truncover;
input line $char1000.;
run;
%mend;
%get_filenames(C:\temp\) /* works */
%get_filenames('C:\temp\with space') /* doesnt work */
答案 0 :(得分:14)
这是实现相同结果而不需要使用PIPE的另一种方法。
%macro get_filenames(location);
filename _dir_ "%bquote(&location.)";
data filenames(keep=memname);
handle=dopen( '_dir_' );
if handle > 0 then do;
count=dnum(handle);
do i=1 to count;
memname=dread(handle,i);
output filenames;
end;
end;
rc=dclose(handle);
run;
filename _dir_ clear;
%mend;
%get_filenames(C:\temp\);
%get_filenames(C:\temp\with space);
%get_filenames(%bquote(C:\temp\with'singlequote));
答案 1 :(得分:6)
进行以下几项更改,您的代码将有效。
%macro get_filenames(location); %*--(1)--*;
filename pipedir pipe "dir ""%unquote(&location)"" /b" lrecl=32767; %*--(2)--*;
data filenames;
infile pipedir truncover;
input filename $char1000.;
put filename=;
run;
filename pipedir clear; %*--(3)--*;
%mend;
%get_filenames(d:\)
%get_filenames(d:\your dir) %*--(4)--*;
(1)用分号结束%macro
语句;
(2)用双引号双引号和%unquote
围绕宏变量分辨率;
(3)清除文件句柄;和
(4)不要单引号输入参数。如有必要,请提供宏报价。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
根据this page上的最后一个样本,而不是文件名,请尝试
%let filrf=pipedir;
%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(filrf,%bquote(dir "&location" /b),pipe));
并在不使用引号的情况下调用宏:
%get_filenames(c:\temp\with spaces);
我也试过宏报价,但无法让它发挥作用。
答案 3 :(得分:3)
这是一个将基于Windows的目录列表拉入sas数据集的快速宏。
%macro DirList(dir); /* %if &SUBDIR eq %then %let subdir=/s; */ /*** &SUBDIR not defined ****/ filename dirpipe pipe "dir &DIR.\*.* /s /-c"; data dir_list(label="Directory Listing [&DIR.]" drop=re_: _line_ date time); format Path File $250. ModDT datetime19. Size 16. _line_ $32000. ; if _N_ = 1 then do; re_path=prxparse("/Directory of (.+)/"); re_subd=prxparse("/(\d\d\/\d\d\/\d\d\d\d)\s+(\d\d:\d\d [A|P]M)\s+\s+(\S.*)/"); re_file=prxparse("/(\d\d\/\d\d\/\d\d\d\d)\s+(\d\d:\d\d [A|P]M)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S.*)/"); retain re_: path; end; infile dirpipe lrecl=32000; input; _line_ = _infile_; if lengthn(_line_)=0 then delete; else if prxmatch(re_path, _line_) then do; path=prxposn(re_path, 1, _line_); end; else if prxmatch(re_subd, _line_) then do; date=input(prxposn(re_subd, 1, _line_), mmddyy10.); time=input(prxposn(re_subd, 2, _line_), time6.); ModDT=dhms(date, 0, 0, time); File=prxposn(re_subd, 3, _line_); size = .D; /*mark subdirectory records*/ if file not in ('.', '..') then output; end; else if prxmatch(re_file, _line_) then do; date=input(prxposn(re_file, 1, _line_), mmddyy10.); time=input(prxposn(re_file, 2, _line_), time6.); ModDT=dhms(date, 0, 0, time); size=input(prxposn(re_file, 3, _line_), 16.); file=prxposn(re_file, 4, _line_); output; end; run; filename dirpipe clear; %mend;
以及他们如何被称为
%dirlist(c:); %dirlist(c:\temp);
注意指定基目录时没有尾部反斜杠。 C:
不是C:\
。
答案 4 :(得分:2)
如果我以这种方式调用原始宏,它对我有用
%get_filenames(""C:\Program Files"")
当然我必须在%macro
语句的末尾添加分号。
如果您的目录包含逗号,则会发生错误。要解决此问题,请使用%str()
宏
%get_filenames(%str(C:\temp\comma, fail))
答案 5 :(得分:2)
这是一个解读引用和取消引用顺序的方法:
%let command =%unquote(%str(%')dir "&baseDir.data\*txt"%str(%'));
filename datain pipe &command;
其中宏变量basedir可以包含空格,文件名也可以。
这种组合
%unquote
和%str(%')
是一种经常出现的宏语习语。
“如果我在我的目录中有单引号怎么办?”
处理这种情况需要宏引用功能,例如%bquote();
继续上面的例子,这个:
%let command =%unquote(%str(%')dir "%bquote(&baseDir.data\*txt)"%str(%'));
应该这样做。
要避免对此类问题进行无限次迭代,请查看 伊恩·惠特洛克的论文“严肃审视宏观报价”,可用here;
还有(很多)其他人,但这是引用最多的。一点点说明:伊恩·惠特洛克的任何事情都值得。他写得很清楚,他对SAS问题的理解很棒。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
这是一个纯宏代码版本。它还允许您指定您只想知道文件(而不是文件夹),并允许您指定基本过滤器。它以分隔格式返回文件列表,但如果您愿意,可以使用SQL插入轻松地将这些文件插入到数据集中(示例包括但未经过测试 - 没有SAS访问atm)。它可以从任何地方调用 - 在另一个宏,数据集,sql语句......任何地方。只需将这两个宏添加到宏自动调用库中,就可以了。
下面有2个宏。 %file_list宏需要%isdir宏。这些宏比上面的更大,更复杂,但它们更灵活。此外,他们提供错误检查。
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: ISDIR.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: DETERMINES IF THE SPECIFIED PATH EXISTS OR NOT.
** RETURNS: 0 IF THE PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR COULD NOT BE OPENED.
** 1 IF THE PATH EXISTS AND CAN BE OPENED.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
** THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
** &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS.
**
******************************************************************************/
%macro isDir(iPath=,iQuiet=1);
%local result dname;
%let result = 0;
%if %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath)) eq 0 %then %do;
%if %sysfunc(dopen(&dname)) %then %do;
%let result = 1;
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put ERROR: ISDIR: %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put ERROR: ISDIR: %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
&result
%mend;
%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/common/macros);
%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe);
%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe, iQuiet=0);
%put %isDir(iPath=c:\temp);
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: FILE_LIST.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: RETURNS THE LIST OF FILES IN A DIRECTORY SEPERATED BY THE
** SPECIFIED DELIMITER. RETURNS AN EMPTY STRING IF THE THE
** DIRECTORY CAN'T BE READ OR DOES NOT EXIST.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath : THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE
** TREATED THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE
** SAME AS &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS. WORKS WITH BOTH UNIX
** AND WINDOWS.
** iFilter : SPECIFY A BASIC FILTER TO THE FILENAMES, NO REGULAR
** EXPRESSIONS OR WILDCARDS.
** iFiles_only: 0=RETURN FILES AND FOLDERS
** 1=RETURN FILES ONLY.
** iDelimiter : SPECIFY THE DELIMITER TO SEPERATE THE RESULTS BY.
******************************************************************************/
/*
** TODO: DOESNT CATER FOR MACRO CHARS IN FILENAMES. FIX SOMETIME.
** TODO: IMPROVE THE FILTER. JUST A SIMPLE IF STATEMENT AT THE MOMENT.
*/
%macro file_list(iPath=, iFilter=, iFiles_only=0, iDelimiter=|);
%local result did dname cnt num_members filename;
%let result=;
%if %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath)) eq 0 %then %do;
%let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
%let num_members = %sysfunc(dnum(&did));
%do cnt=1 %to &num_members;
%let filename = %sysfunc(dread(&did,&cnt));
%if "&filename" ne "" %then %do;
%if &iFiles_only %then %do;
%if not %isDir(iPath=&iPath/&filename) %then %do;
%if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
%if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) %then %do;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%end;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
%if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) %then %do;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%end;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) FILE CANNOT BE READ.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR CANNOT BE OPENED.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
/*
** RETURN THE RESULT. TRIM THE LEADING DELIMITER OFF THE FRONT OF THE RESULTS.
*/
%if "&result" ne "" %then %do;
%substr(&result,2)
%end;
%mend;
**
** EXAMPLES - HAVENT TESTED THE LAST TWO YET BUT THEY SHOULD WORK IF SYNTAX IS CORRECT
*;
%put %file_list(iPath=c:\temp);
%put %file_list(iPath=c:\xxdffsds);
%put %file_list(iPath=c:\rob\SASDev\, iFilter=a);
%put %file_list(iPath=c:\rob\SASDev\,iFiles_only=1);
%put %file_list(iPath=/tmp/unix_sasdir,iFiles_only=1);
data x;
file_list = "%file_list(iPath=c:\temp)";
run;
proc sql noprint;
insert into my_table values ("%file_list(iPath=c:\temp,iDelimiter=%str(","))");
quit;
答案 7 :(得分:1)
我们使用这个小宏
%macro getdir(dir=,redirect=, switch=);
options noxwait xsync;
%if %length(&switch)=0 %then %let switch=b;
data _null_;
xcmd='dir "' || "&dir" || '"' || "/&switch " || ">" || "&redirect";
put 'generated the following command: ' xcmd=;
rc=system(xcmd);
put 'result code of above command: ' rc=;
run;
%mend getdir;
示例通话
%getdir(dir=c:\temp\,redirect=c:\temp\dir.txt) *run;
如果您批量运行并且没有option noxwait xsync
,则作业将挂在服务器上等待操作员响应。