Question

我有一个字符串

(device
    (vfb
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (location 0.0.0.0:5900)
    )
)

(device
    (console
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (location 80)
    )
)

我需要从字符串的“vfb”部分读取位置线。我试过使用像

这样的正则表达式

  import re
  re.findall(r'device.*?\vfb.*?\(.*?(.*?).*(.*?\))

但它没有给我所需的输出。

Answer 1

最好使用解析器来解决这类问题。幸运的是，在你的情况下，解析器会相当简单：

def parse(source):

    def expr(tokens):
        t = tokens.pop(0)
        if t != '(':
            return {'value': t}
        key, val = tokens.pop(0), {}
        while tokens[0] != ')':
            val.update(expr(tokens))
        tokens.pop(0)
        return {key:val}

    tokens = re.findall(r'\(|\)|[^\s()]+', source)
    lst = []
    while tokens:
        lst.append(expr(tokens))
    return lst

鉴于上面的代码片段，这会创建一个类似的结构：

[{'device': {'vfb': {'location': {'value': '0.0.0.0:5900'}, 'xxxxxxxx': {}}}},
 {'device': {'console': {'location': {'value': '80'}, 'xxxxxxxx': {}}}}]

现在你可以迭代它并获取你需要的任何东西：

for item in parse(source):
    try:
        location = item['device']['vfb']['location']['value']
    except KeyError:
        pass

Answer 2

根据Martijn Pieters的介绍，这是一种pyparsing方法：

inputdata = """(device
    (vfb
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (location 0.0.0.0:5900)
    )
)

(device
    (console
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (xxxxxxxx)
        (location 80)
    )
)"""

from pyparsing import OneOrMore, nestedExpr

# a nestedExpr defaults to reading space-separated words within nested parentheses
data = OneOrMore(nestedExpr()).parseString(inputdata)

print (data.asList())

# recursive search to walk parsed data to find desired entry
def findPath(seq, path):
    for s in seq:
        if s[0] == path[0]:
            if len(path) == 1:
                return s[1]
            else:
                ret = findPath(s[1:], path[1:])
                if ret is not None:
                    return ret
    return None
print findPath(data, "device/vfb/location".split('/'))

打印：

[['device', ['vfb', ['xxxxxxxx'], ['xxxxxxxx'], ['location', '0.0.0.0:5900']]], 
 ['device', ['console', ['xxxxxxxx'], ['xxxxxxxx'], ['location', '80']]]]
0.0.0.0:5900

Answer 3

也许这会让你开始：

In [84]: data = '(device(vfb(xxxxxxxx)(xxxxxxxx)(location 0.0.0.0:5900)))'

In [85]: m = re.search(r"""
  .....:     vfb
  .....:     .*
  .....:     \(
  .....:         location
  .....:         \s+
  .....:         (
  .....:             [^\)]+
  .....:         )
  .....:     \)""", data, flags=re.X)

In [86]: m.group(1)
Out[86]: '0.0.0.0:5900'

字符串格式的正则表达式

3 个答案: