在Django中在一个页面上处理多个表单的正确方法

时间:2009-09-08 19:17:10

标签: python django forms

我有一个期待两种表格的模板页面。如果我只使用一个表格,那么就像这个典型的例子一样好:

if request.method == 'POST':
    form = AuthorForm(request.POST,)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        # do something.
else:
    form = AuthorForm()

如果我想使用多个表单,那么如何让视图知道我只提交其中一个表单而不提交另一个表单(即它仍然是request.POST但我只想处理表单提交的内容发生了什么?)


这是解决方案,基于答案,其中 expectedphrase bannedphrase 是不同表单和 expectedphraseform 和 bannedphraseform 是表格。

if request.method == 'POST':
    if 'bannedphrase' in request.POST:
        bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(request.POST, prefix='banned')
        if bannedphraseform.is_valid():
            bannedphraseform.save()
        expectedphraseform = ExpectedPhraseForm(prefix='expected')
    elif 'expectedphrase' in request.POST:
        expectedphraseform = ExpectedPhraseForm(request.POST, prefix='expected')
        if expectedphraseform.is_valid():
            expectedphraseform.save() 
        bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(prefix='banned')
else:
    bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(prefix='banned')
    expectedphraseform = ExpectedPhraseForm(prefix='expected')

12 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:118)

您有几个选择:

  1. 在两个表单的操作中放入不同的URL。然后你将有两个不同的视图函数来处理两种不同的形式。

  2. 从POST数据中读取提交按钮值。您可以确定点击了哪个提交按钮:How can I build multiple submit buttons django form?

答案 1 :(得分:37)

未来参考的方法是这样的。 bannedphraseform是第一种形式,而expectphraseform是第二种形式。如果第一个被击中,则跳过第二个(在这种情况下这是一个合理的假设):

if request.method == 'POST':
    bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(request.POST, prefix='banned')
    if bannedphraseform.is_valid():
        bannedphraseform.save()
else:
    bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(prefix='banned')

if request.method == 'POST' and not bannedphraseform.is_valid():
    expectedphraseform = ExpectedPhraseForm(request.POST, prefix='expected')
    bannedphraseform = BannedPhraseForm(prefix='banned')
    if expectedphraseform.is_valid():
        expectedphraseform.save()

else:
    expectedphraseform = ExpectedPhraseForm(prefix='expected')

答案 2 :(得分:13)

Django基于类的视图提供了一个通用的FormView,但是出于所有意图和目的,它只能处理一个表单。

使用Django的通用视图处理具有相同目标操作URL的多个表单的一种方法是扩展'TemplateView',如下所示;我经常使用这种方法,使其成为Eclipse IDE模板。

class NegotiationGroupMultifacetedView(TemplateView):
    ### TemplateResponseMixin
    template_name = 'offers/offer_detail.html'

    ### ContextMixin 
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        """ Adds extra content to our template """
        context = super(NegotiationGroupDetailView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)

        ...

        context['negotiation_bid_form'] = NegotiationBidForm(
            prefix='NegotiationBidForm', 
            ...
            # Multiple 'submit' button paths should be handled in form's .save()/clean()
            data = self.request.POST if bool(set(['NegotiationBidForm-submit-counter-bid',
                                              'NegotiationBidForm-submit-approve-bid',
                                              'NegotiationBidForm-submit-decline-further-bids']).intersection(
                                                    self.request.POST)) else None,
            )
        context['offer_attachment_form'] = NegotiationAttachmentForm(
            prefix='NegotiationAttachment', 
            ...
            data = self.request.POST if 'NegotiationAttachment-submit' in self.request.POST else None,
            files = self.request.FILES if 'NegotiationAttachment-submit' in self.request.POST else None
            )
        context['offer_contact_form'] = NegotiationContactForm()
        return context

    ### NegotiationGroupDetailView 
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs)

        if context['negotiation_bid_form'].is_valid():
            instance = context['negotiation_bid_form'].save()
            messages.success(request, 'Your offer bid #{0} has been submitted.'.format(instance.pk))
        elif context['offer_attachment_form'].is_valid():
            instance = context['offer_attachment_form'].save()
            messages.success(request, 'Your offer attachment #{0} has been submitted.'.format(instance.pk))
                # advise of any errors

        else 
            messages.error('Error(s) encountered during form processing, please review below and re-submit')

        return self.render_to_response(context)

html模板具有以下效果:

...

<form id='offer_negotiation_form' class="content-form" action='./' enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ negotiation_bid_form.as_p }}
    ...
    <input type="submit" name="{{ negotiation_bid_form.prefix }}-submit-counter-bid" 
    title="Submit a counter bid"
    value="Counter Bid" />
</form>

...

<form id='offer-attachment-form' class="content-form" action='./' enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ offer_attachment_form.as_p }}

    <input name="{{ offer_attachment_form.prefix }}-submit" type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

...

答案 3 :(得分:10)

我需要在同一页面上独立验证的多个表单。我遗漏的关键概念是1)使用提交按钮名称的表单前缀和2)无界形式不会触发验证。如果它对其他人有帮助,这里是我使用TemplateView的两种形式AForm和BForm的简化示例,基于@ adam-nelson和@ daniel-sokolowski的答案以及@zeraien(https://stackoverflow.com/a/17303480/2680349)的评论:

# views.py
def _get_form(request, formcls, prefix):
    data = request.POST if prefix in request.POST else None
    return formcls(data, prefix=prefix)

class MyView(TemplateView):
    template_name = 'mytemplate.html'

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.render_to_response({'aform': AForm(prefix='aform_pre'), 'bform': BForm(prefix='bform_pre')})

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        aform = _get_form(request, AForm, 'aform_pre')
        bform = _get_form(request, BForm, 'bform_pre')
        if aform.is_bound and aform.is_valid():
            # Process aform and render response
        elif bform.is_bound and bform.is_valid():
            # Process bform and render response
        return self.render_to_response({'aform': aform, 'bform': bform})

# mytemplate.html
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ aform.as_p }}
    <input type="submit" name="{{aform.prefix}}" value="Submit" />
    {{ bform.as_p }}
    <input type="submit" name="{{bform.prefix}}" value="Submit" />
</form>

答案 4 :(得分:2)

这有点晚了,但这是我找到的最佳解决方案。您为表单名称及其类创建查找字典,还必须添加属性以标识表单,并且在视图中,您必须将其添加为隐藏字段,并使用form.formlabel。< / p>

# form holder
form_holder = {
    'majeur': {
        'class': FormClass1,
    },
    'majsoft': {
        'class': FormClass2,
    },
    'tiers1': {
        'class': FormClass3,
    },
    'tiers2': {
        'class': FormClass4,
    },
    'tiers3': {
        'class': FormClass5,
    },
    'tiers4': {
        'class': FormClass6,
    },
}

for key in form_holder.keys():
    # If the key is the same as the formlabel, we should use the posted data
    if request.POST.get('formlabel', None) == key:
        # Get the form and initate it with the sent data
        form = form_holder.get(key).get('class')(
            data=request.POST
        )

        # Validate the form
        if form.is_valid():
            # Correct data entries
            messages.info(request, _(u"Configuration validée."))

            if form.save():
                # Save succeeded
                messages.success(
                    request,
                    _(u"Données enregistrées avec succès.")
                )
            else:
                # Save failed
                messages.warning(
                    request,
                    _(u"Un problème est survenu pendant l'enregistrement "
                      u"des données, merci de réessayer plus tard.")
                )
        else:
            # Form is not valid, show feedback to the user
            messages.error(
                request,
                _(u"Merci de corriger les erreurs suivantes.")
            )
    else:
        # Just initiate the form without data
        form = form_holder.get(key).get('class')(key)()

    # Add the attribute for the name
    setattr(form, 'formlabel', key)

    # Append it to the tempalte variable that will hold all the forms
    forms.append(form)

我希望这将有助于将来。

答案 5 :(得分:2)

基于@ybendana 的this answer

同样,我们使用 is_bound 来检查表单是否能够进行验证。见this section of the documentation

<块引用>

Bound and unbound forms

Form 实例要么绑定到一组数据,要么未绑定。

  • 如果它绑定到一组数据,它就能够验证该数据并将表单呈现为 HTML,数据显示在 HTML 中。
  • 如果未绑定,则无法进行验证(因为没有要验证的数据!),但仍可以将空白表单呈现为 HTML。

我们对表单对象及其详细信息使用元组列表,以实现更多的可扩展性和更少的重复。

然而,我们没有覆盖 get(),而是覆盖 get_context_data() 以将表单的新空白实例(带前缀)插入响应中作为任何请求的默认操作。在 POST 请求的上下文中,我们将 post() 方法覆盖为:

  1. 使用 prefix 检查每个表单是否已提交
  2. 验证已提交的表单
  3. 使用 cleaned_data 处理有效表单
  4. 通过覆盖 context 数据将任何无效表单返回给响应
# views.py

class MultipleForms(TemplateResponseMixin, ContextMixin, View):

    form_list = [ # (context_key, formcls, prefix)
        ("form_a", FormA, "prefix_a"),
        ("form_b", FormB, "prefix_b"),
        ("form_c", FormC, "prefix_c"),
        ...
        ("form_x", FormX, "prefix_x"),
    ]

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        # Add blank forms to context with prefixes
        for context_key, formcls, prefix in self.form_list:
            context[context_key] = formcls(prefix=prefix)
        return context

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Get object and context
        self.object = self.get_object()
        context = self.get_context_data(object=self.object)
        # Process forms
        for context_key, formcls, prefix in self.form_list:
            if prefix in request.POST:
                # Get the form object with prefix and pass it the POST data to \
                # validate and clean etc.
                form = formcls(request.POST, prefix=prefix)
                if form.is_bound:
                    # If the form is bound (i.e. it is capable of validation)  \
                    # check the validation
                    if form.is_valid():
                        # call the form's save() method or do whatever you     \
                        # want with form.cleaned_data
                        form.save()
                    else:
                        # overwrite context data for this form so that it is   \
                        # returned to the page with validation errors
                        context[context_key] = form
        # Pass context back to render_to_response() including any invalid forms
        return self.render_to_response(context)
        

此方法允许在同一页面上重复输入表单,我发现该方法不适用于 @ybendana's answer

我相信将这个方法折叠到一个 Mixin 类中,将 form_list 对象作为一个属性并挂钩 get_context_data() 和 {{ 1}} 同上。

编辑:这已经存在。见this repository

注意: 此方法需要 post()TemplateResponseMixinrender_to_response()ContextMixin 才能工作。要么使用这些Mixin,要么使用它们的后代CBV

答案 6 :(得分:1)

如果您正在使用基于类别的观点和不同的“行动”方法。我的意思是

  

在两个表单的操作中放入不同的URL。然后,您将有两个不同的视图函数来处理两种不同的形式。

您可以使用重载的get_context_data方法,e.x:

轻松处理来自不同表单的错误

views.py:

class LoginView(FormView):
    form_class = AuthFormEdited
    success_url = '/'
    template_name = 'main/index.html'

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(LoginView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    ....

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(LoginView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['login_view_in_action'] = True
        return context

class SignInView(FormView):
    form_class = SignInForm
    success_url = '/'
    template_name = 'main/index.html'

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(SignInView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    .....

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(SignInView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['login_view_in_action'] = False
        return context

模板:

<div class="login-form">
<form action="/login/" method="post" role="form">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% if login_view_in_action %}
        {% for e in form.non_field_errors %}
            <div class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissable">
                {{ e }}
                <a class="panel-close close" data-dismiss="alert">×</a>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
    {% endif %}
    .....
    </form>
</div>

<div class="signin-form">
<form action="/registration/" method="post" role="form">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% if not login_view_in_action %}
        {% for e in form.non_field_errors %}
            <div class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissable">
                {{ e }}
                <a class="panel-close close" data-dismiss="alert">×</a>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
    {% endif %}
   ....
  </form>
</div>

答案 7 :(得分:0)

这是处理上述问题的简单方法。

在Html模板中我们放了帖子

<form action="/useradd/addnewroute/" method="post" id="login-form">{% csrf_token %}

<!-- add details of form here-->
<form>
<form action="/useradd/addarea/" method="post" id="login-form">{% csrf_token %}

<!-- add details of form here-->

<form>

在视图中

   def addnewroute(request):
      if request.method == "POST":
         # do something



  def addarea(request):
      if request.method == "POST":
         # do something

在网址中 提供所需的信息,如

urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^addnewroute/$', views.addnewroute, name='addnewroute'),
url(r'^addarea/', include('usermodules.urls')),

答案 8 :(得分:0)

想要分享我没有使用Django Forms的解决方案。 我在一个页面上有多个表单元素,我想使用单个视图来管理来自所有表单的所有POST请求。

我所做的是我引入了一个不可见的输入标记,以便我可以将参数传递给视图以检查已提交的表单。

<form method="post" id="formOne">
    {% csrf_token %}
   <input type="hidden" name="form_type" value="formOne">

    .....
</form>

.....

<form method="post" id="formTwo">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="hidden" name="form_type" value="formTwo">
   ....
</form>

views.py

def handlemultipleforms(request, template="handle/multiple_forms.html"):
    """
    Handle Multiple <form></form> elements
    """
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if request.POST.get("form_type") == 'formOne':
            #Handle Elements from first Form
        elif request.POST.get("form_type") == 'formTwo':
            #Handle Elements from second Form

答案 9 :(得分:0)

视图:

import express from 'express';
import http from 'http';


let app = express();


app.post('/', function(req, res) {
    let files = req.files;
    res.send(files);
})

app.listen(process.env.PORT || 8000, () => {
    console.log(`Started on port 8000`);
});

export default app;

模板:

class AddProductView(generic.TemplateView):
template_name = 'manager/add_product.html'

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    form = ProductForm(self.request.GET or None, prefix="sch")
    sub_form = ImageForm(self.request.GET or None, prefix="loc")
    context = super(AddProductView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
    context['form'] = form
    context['sub_form'] = sub_form
    return self.render_to_response(context)

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    form = ProductForm(request.POST,  prefix="sch")
    sub_form = ImageForm(request.POST, prefix="loc")
    ...

答案 10 :(得分:0)

if request.method == 'POST':
    expectedphraseform = ExpectedphraseForm(request.POST)
    bannedphraseform = BannedphraseForm(request.POST)
    if expectedphraseform.is_valid():
        expectedphraseform.save()
        return HttpResponse("Success")
    if bannedphraseform.is_valid():
        bannedphraseform.save()
        return HttpResponse("Success")
else:
    bannedphraseform = BannedphraseForm()
    expectedphraseform = ExpectedphraseForm()
return render(request, 'some.html',{'bannedphraseform':bannedphraseform, 'expectedphraseform':expectedphraseform})

这对我来说确实很有效。此方法有一个问题,它可以验证两个表格的错误。但是效果很好。

答案 11 :(得分:0)

我发现了一种使用相同视图从单个页面发送两个表单的非常有趣的方法。我尝试了很多选择,但只是想要一些可以正常工作的东西。所以这是我发现的东西。但它仅适用于页面上只有 两个表单 的情况。

我只使用 try and except 方法来第一个 try 第一种形式,如果这不起作用,请尝试第二种形式。知道它工作得很好,这很有趣。不要在可扩展的应用程序上使用它,因为它会带来麻烦或可能危及应用程序的安全性,否则使用基于类的视图提交多个表单或为每个表单创建单独的视图。

def create_profile(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        try:       
            biograph = Biography(name=name, email=email, full_name=full_name, slug_name=slug_name, short_bio=short_bio)
            biograph.save()

        except:
            social = SocialMedia(twitter=twitter, instagram=instagram, facebook=facebook, linkedin=linkedin, github=github)
            social.save()