使用Python计算目录的大小?

时间:2009-09-08 07:06:43

标签: python directory

在我重新发明这个特定的轮子之前,有没有人有一个很好的例程来计算使用Python的目录大小?如果例程能够很好地格式化Mb / Gb等,那将是非常好的。

33 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:189)

这可以抓取子目录:

import os
def get_size(start_path = '.'):
    total_size = 0
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(start_path):
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
            # skip if it is symbolic link
            if not os.path.islink(fp):
                total_size += os.path.getsize(fp)
    return total_size

print get_size()

使用os.listdir不包含子目录)来获得乐趣:

import os
sum(os.path.getsize(f) for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(f))

参考:

os.path.getsize - 以字节为单位给出大小

os.walk

<强>更新 要使用 os.path.getsize ,这比使用os.stat()。st_size方法更清晰。

感谢ghostdog74指出这一点!

os.stat - st_size 给出大小(以字节为单位)。也可用于获取文件大小和其他文件相关信息。

更新2018年

如果您使用的是Python 3.4或之前的版本,那么您可以考虑使用第三方scandir包提供的更有效的walk方法。在Python 3.5及更高版本中,此软件包已合并到标准库中,os.walk已获得相应的性能提升。

答案 1 :(得分:34)

到目前为止建议的一些方法实现递归,其他方法使用shell或不会产生整齐格式化的结果。当您的代码对于Linux平台来说是一次性的时,您可以像往常一样进行格式化,包括递归,作为单行。除了最后一行中的print,它适用于当前版本的python2python3

du.py
-----
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess

def du(path):
    """disk usage in human readable format (e.g. '2,1GB')"""
    return subprocess.check_output(['du','-sh', path]).split()[0].decode('utf-8')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(du('.'))

简单,高效,适用于文件和多级目录:

$ chmod 750 du.py
$ ./du.py
2,9M

5年后有点晚了,但由于这仍然是搜索引擎的热门列表,它可能会有所帮助......

答案 2 :(得分:23)

这是一个递归函数(它递归地总结所有子文件夹及其各自文件的大小),它返回与运行“du -sb”时完全相同的字节。在linux中(“。”表示“当前文件夹”):

import os

def getFolderSize(folder):
    total_size = os.path.getsize(folder)
    for item in os.listdir(folder):
        itempath = os.path.join(folder, item)
        if os.path.isfile(itempath):
            total_size += os.path.getsize(itempath)
        elif os.path.isdir(itempath):
            total_size += getFolderSize(itempath)
    return total_size

print "Size: " + str(getFolderSize("."))

答案 3 :(得分:15)

使用os.scandir

的Python 3.5递归文件夹大小
def folder_size(path='.'):
    total = 0
    for entry in os.scandir(path):
        if entry.is_file():
            total += entry.stat().st_size
        elif entry.is_dir():
            total += folder_size(entry.path)
    return total

答案 4 :(得分:7)

monknut答案很好但是在破坏的符号链接上失败了,所以你还必须检查这个路径是否真的存在

if os.path.exists(fp):
    total_size += os.stat(fp).st_size

答案 5 :(得分:7)

接受的答案没有考虑硬链接或软链接,并会将这些文件计算两次。您需要跟踪您看到的哪些inode,而不是添加这些文件的大小。

import os
def get_size(start_path='.'):
    total_size = 0
    seen = {}
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(start_path):
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
            try:
                stat = os.stat(fp)
            except OSError:
                continue

            try:
                seen[stat.st_ino]
            except KeyError:
                seen[stat.st_ino] = True
            else:
                continue

            total_size += stat.st_size

    return total_size

print get_size()

答案 6 :(得分:7)

Chris的答案很好,但是可以通过使用一个集来检查看到的目录来使其更加惯用,这也避免了使用控件流的异常:

def directory_size(path):
    total_size = 0
    seen = set()

    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)

            try:
                stat = os.stat(fp)
            except OSError:
                continue

            if stat.st_ino in seen:
                continue

            seen.add(stat.st_ino)

            total_size += stat.st_size

    return total_size  # size in bytes

答案 7 :(得分:7)

一个递归的单行:

def getFolderSize(p):
   from functools import partial
   prepend = partial(os.path.join, p)
   return sum([(os.path.getsize(f) if os.path.isfile(f) else getFolderSize(f)) for f in map(prepend, os.listdir(p))])

答案 8 :(得分:5)

问题的第二部分

def human(size):

    B = "B"
    KB = "KB" 
    MB = "MB"
    GB = "GB"
    TB = "TB"
    UNITS = [B, KB, MB, GB, TB]
    HUMANFMT = "%f %s"
    HUMANRADIX = 1024.

    for u in UNITS[:-1]:
        if size < HUMANRADIX : return HUMANFMT % (size, u)
        size /= HUMANRADIX

    return HUMANFMT % (size,  UNITS[-1])

答案 9 :(得分:4)

您可以这样做:

import commands   
size = commands.getoutput('du -sh /path/').split()[0]

在这种情况下,我没有在返回之前测试结果,如果你想要你可以用commands.getstatusoutput检查它。

答案 10 :(得分:4)

派对有点晚,但只要安装了glob2humanize,就行了一行。请注意,在Python 3中,默认的iglob具有递归模式。如何修改Python 3的代码对读者来说是一项微不足道的练习。

>>> import os
>>> from humanize import naturalsize
>>> from glob2 import iglob
>>> naturalsize(sum(os.path.getsize(x) for x in iglob('/var/**'))))
'546.2 MB'

答案 11 :(得分:3)

你说的单线...... 这是一个班轮:

sum([sum(map(lambda fname: os.path.getsize(os.path.join(directory, fname)), files)) for directory, folders, files in os.walk(path)])

虽然我可能会把它分开,但不会进行检查。

要转换为kb,请参阅Reusable library to get human readable version of file size?并在

中进行操作

答案 12 :(得分:3)

以下脚本打印指定目录的所有子目录的目录大小。它还试图通过缓存递归函数的调用来获益(如果可能)。如果省略参数,则脚本将在当前目录中工作。输出按目录大小排序,从最大到最小。因此,您可以根据自己的需要进行调整。

PS我用配方578019以人性化格式显示目录大小(http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578019/

from __future__ import print_function
import os
import sys
import operator

def null_decorator(ob):
    return ob

if sys.version_info >= (3,2,0):
    import functools
    my_cache_decorator = functools.lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
else:
    my_cache_decorator = null_decorator

start_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'

@my_cache_decorator
def get_dir_size(start_path = '.'):
    total_size = 0
    if 'scandir' in dir(os):
        # using fast 'os.scandir' method (new in version 3.5)
        for entry in os.scandir(start_path):
            if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks = False):
                total_size += get_dir_size(entry.path)
            elif entry.is_file(follow_symlinks = False):
                total_size += entry.stat().st_size
    else:
        # using slow, but compatible 'os.listdir' method
        for entry in os.listdir(start_path):
            full_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(start_path, entry))
            if os.path.isdir(full_path):
                total_size += get_dir_size(full_path)
            elif os.path.isfile(full_path):
                total_size += os.path.getsize(full_path)
    return total_size

def get_dir_size_walk(start_path = '.'):
    total_size = 0
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(start_path):
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
            total_size += os.path.getsize(fp)
    return total_size

def bytes2human(n, format='%(value).0f%(symbol)s', symbols='customary'):
    """
    (c) http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578019/

    Convert n bytes into a human readable string based on format.
    symbols can be either "customary", "customary_ext", "iec" or "iec_ext",
    see: http://goo.gl/kTQMs

      >>> bytes2human(0)
      '0.0 B'
      >>> bytes2human(0.9)
      '0.0 B'
      >>> bytes2human(1)
      '1.0 B'
      >>> bytes2human(1.9)
      '1.0 B'
      >>> bytes2human(1024)
      '1.0 K'
      >>> bytes2human(1048576)
      '1.0 M'
      >>> bytes2human(1099511627776127398123789121)
      '909.5 Y'

      >>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="customary")
      '9.6 K'
      >>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="customary_ext")
      '9.6 kilo'
      >>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="iec")
      '9.6 Ki'
      >>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="iec_ext")
      '9.6 kibi'

      >>> bytes2human(10000, "%(value).1f %(symbol)s/sec")
      '9.8 K/sec'

      >>> # precision can be adjusted by playing with %f operator
      >>> bytes2human(10000, format="%(value).5f %(symbol)s")
      '9.76562 K'
    """
    SYMBOLS = {
        'customary'     : ('B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y'),
        'customary_ext' : ('byte', 'kilo', 'mega', 'giga', 'tera', 'peta', 'exa',
                           'zetta', 'iotta'),
        'iec'           : ('Bi', 'Ki', 'Mi', 'Gi', 'Ti', 'Pi', 'Ei', 'Zi', 'Yi'),
        'iec_ext'       : ('byte', 'kibi', 'mebi', 'gibi', 'tebi', 'pebi', 'exbi',
                           'zebi', 'yobi'),
    }
    n = int(n)
    if n < 0:
        raise ValueError("n < 0")
    symbols = SYMBOLS[symbols]
    prefix = {}
    for i, s in enumerate(symbols[1:]):
        prefix[s] = 1 << (i+1)*10
    for symbol in reversed(symbols[1:]):
        if n >= prefix[symbol]:
            value = float(n) / prefix[symbol]
            return format % locals()
    return format % dict(symbol=symbols[0], value=n)

############################################################
###
###  main ()
###
############################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dir_tree = {}
    ### version, that uses 'slow' [os.walk method]
    #get_size = get_dir_size_walk
    ### this recursive version can benefit from caching the function calls (functools.lru_cache)
    get_size = get_dir_size

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(start_dir):
        for d in dirs:
            dir_path = os.path.join(root, d)
            if os.path.isdir(dir_path):
                dir_tree[dir_path] = get_size(dir_path)

    for d, size in sorted(dir_tree.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True):
        print('%s\t%s' %(bytes2human(size, format='%(value).2f%(symbol)s'), d))

    print('-' * 80)
    if sys.version_info >= (3,2,0):
        print(get_dir_size.cache_info())

示例输出:

37.61M  .\subdir_b
2.18M   .\subdir_a
2.17M   .\subdir_a\subdir_a_2
4.41K   .\subdir_a\subdir_a_1
----------------------------------------------------------
CacheInfo(hits=2, misses=4, maxsize=4096, currsize=4)

编辑:将null_decorator移到上方,如user2233949推荐

答案 13 :(得分:2)

使用库sh:模块scroll="false"执行此操作:

du

如果您想传递asterix,请按照here所述使用pip install sh import sh print( sh.du("-s", ".") ) 91154728 .

要转换人类可读的值,请使用humanize

glob

答案 14 :(得分:2)

很方便:

import os
import stat

size = 0
path_ = ""
def calculate(path=os.environ["SYSTEMROOT"]):
    global size, path_
    size = 0
    path_ = path

    for x, y, z in os.walk(path):
        for i in z:
            size += os.path.getsize(x + os.sep + i)

def cevir(x):
    global path_
    print(path_, x, "Byte")
    print(path_, x/1024, "Kilobyte")
    print(path_, x/1048576, "Megabyte")
    print(path_, x/1073741824, "Gigabyte")

calculate("C:\Users\Jundullah\Desktop")
cevir(size)

Output:
C:\Users\Jundullah\Desktop 87874712211 Byte
C:\Users\Jundullah\Desktop 85815148.64355469 Kilobyte
C:\Users\Jundullah\Desktop 83803.85609722137 Megabyte
C:\Users\Jundullah\Desktop 81.83970321994275 Gigabyte

答案 15 :(得分:2)

使用pathlib,我想出了这条线来获取文件夹的大小:

sum(file.stat().st_size for file in Path(folder).rglob('*'))

这就是我想出的一种格式正确的输出:

from pathlib import Path


def get_folder_size(folder):
    return ByteSize(sum(file.stat().st_size for file in Path(folder).rglob('*')))


class ByteSize(int):

    _kB = 1024
    _suffixes = 'B', 'kB', 'MB', 'GB', 'PB'

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.bytes = self.B = int(self)
        self.kilobytes = self.kB = self / self._kB**1
        self.megabytes = self.MB = self / self._kB**2
        self.gigabytes = self.GB = self / self._kB**3
        self.petabytes = self.PB = self / self._kB**4
        *suffixes, last = self._suffixes
        suffix = next((
            suffix
            for suffix in suffixes
            if 1 < getattr(self, suffix) < self._kB
        ), last)
        self.readable = suffix, getattr(self, suffix)

        super().__init__()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__format__('.2f')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, super().__repr__())

    def __format__(self, format_spec):
        suffix, val = self.readable
        return '{val:{fmt}} {suf}'.format(val=val, fmt=format_spec, suf=suffix)

    def __sub__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__sub__(other))

    def __add__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__add__(other))

    def __mul__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__mul__(other))

    def __rsub__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__sub__(other))

    def __radd__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__add__(other))

    def __rmul__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(super().__rmul__(other))   

用法:

>>> size = get_folder_size("c:/users/tdavis/downloads")
>>> print(size)
5.81 GB
>>> size.GB
5.810891855508089
>>> size.gigabytes
5.810891855508089
>>> size.PB
0.005674699077644618
>>> size.MB
5950.353260040283
>>> size
ByteSize(6239397620)

我还遇到了这个question,它具有一些更紧凑,可能更高效的策略。

答案 16 :(得分:1)

这是一个递归执行的衬套(自Python 3.5起提供递归选项):

import os
import glob
print(sum(os.path.getsize(f) for f in glob.glob('**', recursive=True) if os.path.isfile(f))/(1024*1024))

答案 17 :(得分:1)

如果您使用的是Windows操作系统,则可以执行以下操作:

通过启动以下命令来安装模块pywin32:

pip安装pywin32

,然后编码以下内容:

import win32com.client as com

def get_folder_size(path):
   try:
       fso = com.Dispatch("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
       folder = fso.GetFolder(path)
       size = str(round(folder.Size / 1048576))
       print("Size: " + size + " MB")
   except Exception as e:
       print("Error --> " + str(e))

答案 18 :(得分:1)

import os
def get_size(path = os.getcwd()):
    print("Calculating Size: ",path)
    total_size = 0
    #if path is directory--
    if os.path.isdir(path):
      print("Path type : Directory/Folder")
      for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
          for f in filenames:
              fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
              # skip if it is symbolic link
              if not os.path.islink(fp):
                  total_size += os.path.getsize(fp)
    #if path is a file---
    elif os.path.isfile(path):
      print("Path type : File")
      total_size=os.path.getsize(path)
    else:
      print("Path Type : Special File (Socket, FIFO, Device File)" )
      total_size=0
    bytesize=total_size
    print(bytesize, 'bytes')
    print(bytesize/(1024), 'kilobytes')
    print(bytesize/(1024*1024), 'megabytes')
    print(bytesize/(1024*1024*1024), 'gegabytes')
    return total_size


x=get_size("/content/examples")

我确定这会有所帮助!对于文件夹和文件也是如此!

答案 19 :(得分:1)

为了它的价值......树命令免费完成所有这些:

tree -h --du /path/to/dir  # files and dirs
tree -h -d --du /path/to/dir  # dirs only

我喜欢Python,但到目前为止,最简单的问题解决方案不需要新的代码。

答案 20 :(得分:1)

我使用python 2.7.13和scandir,这是我的单行递归函数来获取文件夹的总大小:

from scandir import scandir
def getTotFldrSize(path):
    return sum([s.stat(follow_symlinks=False).st_size for s in scandir(path) if s.is_file(follow_symlinks=False)]) + \
    + sum([getTotFldrSize(s.path) for s in scandir(path) if s.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False)])

>>> print getTotFldrSize('.')
1203245680

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/scandir

答案 21 :(得分:1)

获取一个文件的大小,有os.path.getsize()

>>> import os
>>> os.path.getsize("/path/file")
35L

以字节为单位报告。

答案 22 :(得分:0)

我有点迟到(和新)但我选择使用子进程模块和Linux的'du'命令行来检索文件夹大小的准确值(MB)。我不得不使用if和elif作为根文件夹,因为否则由于返回非零值,子进程会引发错误。

import subprocess
import os

#
# get folder size
#
def get_size(self, path):
    if os.path.exists(path) and path != '/':
        cmd = str(subprocess.check_output(['sudo', 'du', '-s', path])).\
            replace('b\'', '').replace('\'', '').split('\\t')[0]
        return float(cmd) / 1000000
    elif os.path.exists(path) and path == '/':
        cmd = str(subprocess.getoutput(['sudo du -s /'])). \
            replace('b\'', '').replace('\'', '').split('\n')
        val = cmd[len(cmd) - 1].replace('/', '').replace(' ', '')
        return float(val) / 1000000
    else: raise ValueError

答案 23 :(得分:0)

不可否认,这是一种hackish,只适用于Unix / Linux。

它匹配du -sb .,因为实际上这是一个运行du -sb .命令的Python bash包装器。

import subprocess

def system_command(cmd):
    """"Function executes cmd parameter as a bash command."""
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         shell=True)
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
    return stdout, stderr

size = int(system_command('du -sb . ')[0].split()[0])

答案 24 :(得分:0)

此脚本会告诉您CWD中哪个文件最大,并告诉您文件所在的文件夹。 这个脚本适用于win8和python 3.3.3 shell

import os

folder=os.cwd()

number=0
string=""

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder):
    for file in files:
        pathname=os.path.join(root,file)
##        print (pathname)
##        print (os.path.getsize(pathname)/1024/1024)
        if number < os.path.getsize(pathname):
            number = os.path.getsize(pathname)
            string=pathname


##        print ()


print (string)
print ()
print (number)
print ("Number in bytes")

答案 25 :(得分:0)

获取目录大小

解决方案的属性:

  • 同时返回:表观大小(文件中的字节数)和文件使用的实际磁盘空间。
  • 仅计算一次硬链接文件
  • 使用du相同的方式计算符号链接
  • 不使用递归
  • 使用st.st_blocks来占用磁盘空间,因此仅在类似Unix的系统上工作

代码:

import os


def du(path):
    if os.path.islink(path):
        return (os.lstat(path).st_size, 0)
    if os.path.isfile(path):
        st = os.lstat(path)
        return (st.st_size, st.st_blocks * 512)
    apparent_total_bytes = 0
    total_bytes = 0
    have = []
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
        apparent_total_bytes += os.lstat(dirpath).st_size
        total_bytes += os.lstat(dirpath).st_blocks * 512
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
            if os.path.islink(fp):
                apparent_total_bytes += os.lstat(fp).st_size
                continue
            st = os.lstat(fp)
            if st.st_ino in have:
                continue  # skip hardlinks which were already counted
            have.append(st.st_ino)
            apparent_total_bytes += st.st_size
            total_bytes += st.st_blocks * 512
        for d in dirnames:
            dp = os.path.join(dirpath, d)
            if os.path.islink(dp):
                apparent_total_bytes += os.lstat(dp).st_size
    return (apparent_total_bytes, total_bytes)

用法示例:

>>> du('/lib')
(236425839, 244363264)

$ du -sb /lib
236425839   /lib
$ du -sB1 /lib
244363264   /lib

人类可读文件大小

解决方案的属性:

代码:

def humanized_size(num, suffix='B', si=False):
    if si:
        units = ['','K','M','G','T','P','E','Z']
        last_unit = 'Y'
        div = 1000.0
    else:
        units = ['','Ki','Mi','Gi','Ti','Pi','Ei','Zi']
        last_unit = 'Yi'
        div = 1024.0
    for unit in units:
        if abs(num) < div:
            return "%3.1f%s%s" % (num, unit, suffix)
        num /= div
    return "%.1f%s%s" % (num, last_unit, suffix)

用法示例:

>>> humanized_size(236425839)
'225.5MiB'
>>> humanized_size(236425839, si=True)
'236.4MB'
>>> humanized_size(236425839, si=True, suffix='')
'236.4M'

答案 26 :(得分:0)

使用pathlib在Python 3.6上运行的解决方案。

from pathlib import Path

sum([f.stat().st_size for f in Path("path").glob("**/*")])

答案 27 :(得分:0)

使用os.scandir

Python 3.6 + 递归文件夹/文件大小。与@blakev的answer一样强大,但更短且具有 EAFP python风格

import os

def size(path, *, follow_symlinks=False):
    try:
        with os.scandir(path) as it:
            return sum(size(entry, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) for entry in it)
    except NotADirectoryError:
        return os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_size

答案 28 :(得分:0)

对于python3.5 +

from pathlib import Path

def get_size(path):
    return sum(p.stat().st_size for p in Path(path).rglob('*'))

答案 29 :(得分:0)

def recursive_dir_size(path):
    size = 0

    for x in os.listdir(path):
        if not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(path,x)):
            size += os.stat(os.path.join(path,x)).st_size
        else:
            size += recursive_dir_size(os.path.join(path,x))

    return size

我编写了此函数,该函数可为我提供目录的准确总体大小,我尝试使用os.walk进行其他循环解决方案,但我不知道为什么最终结果总是小于实际大小(在ubuntu 18 env上) 。我一定做错了什么,但是谁在乎,写这篇文章就可以了。

答案 30 :(得分:0)

du默认不遵循符号链接。这里没有答案,请使用follow_symlinks=False

这是一个遵循du的默认行为的实现:

def du(path) -> int:
    total = 0
    for entry in os.scandir(path):
        if entry.is_file(follow_symlinks=False):
            total += entry.stat().st_size
        elif entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
            total += du(entry.path)
    return total

测试:

class Test(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_du(self):
        root = '/tmp/du_test'
        subprocess.run(['rm', '-rf', root])
        test_utils.mkdir(root)
        test_utils.create_file(root, 'A', '1M')
        test_utils.create_file(root, 'B', '1M')
        sub = '/'.join([root, 'sub'])
        test_utils.mkdir(sub)
        test_utils.create_file(sub, 'C', '1M')
        test_utils.create_file(sub, 'D', '1M')
        subprocess.run(['ln', '-s', '/tmp', '/'.join([root, 'link']), ])
        self.assertEqual(4 << 20, util.du(root))

答案 31 :(得分:-1)

import os

def get_size(path):
    total_size = 0
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
        for f in filenames:
            if os.path.exists(fp):
                fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
                total_size += os.path.getsize(fp)

    return total_size   # in megabytes

感谢monkut&amp; troex!这非常好用!

答案 32 :(得分:-1)

调用此函数以获取文件大小

import os
import humanize
def size(filepath):
    in_byte = os.path.getsize(filepath)
    print( f'Size:    {humanize.naturalsize(in_byte)}' )
size('/content/drive/My Drive/forgery_detection/pristine_data.pb')

输出:

大小:2.1 GB