我的程序大部分时间花在数组模式匹配上，我想知道是否应该重写该函数并丢弃自动模式匹配。
E.g。一个非常简单的案例
let categorize array =
match array with
| [|(1|2);(1|2);(1|2)|] -> 3
| [|(1|2);(1|2);_|] -> 2
| [|(1|2);_;_|] -> 1
| _ -> 0
categorize [|2;1;3|]
在这种情况下，编译器是否应用最少量的比较，通过识别，例如第一种情况与第二种情况相同，但第三种情况除外。
实际上模式更复杂，预优化模式匹配可能比完全优化模式匹配花费更多时间。
答案 0 :(得分：6)
直接来自反射器：
public static int categorize(int[] array)
{
if ((array > null) && (array.Length == 3))
{
switch (array[0])
{
case 1:
switch (array[1])
{
case 1:
switch (array[2])
{
case 1:
case 2:
goto Label_005C;
}
goto Label_005A;
case 2:
switch (array[2])
{
case 1:
case 2:
goto Label_005C;
}
goto Label_005A;
}
goto Label_0042;
case 2:
switch (array[1])
{
case 1:
switch (array[2])
{
case 1:
case 2:
goto Label_005C;
}
goto Label_005A;
case 2:
switch (array[2])
{
case 1:
case 2:
goto Label_005C;
}
goto Label_005A;
}
goto Label_0042;
}
}
return 0;
Label_0042:
return 1;
Label_005A:
return 2;
Label_005C:
return 3;
}
我认为没有任何低效率。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
您的问题中真正缺少的是实际的主题领域。换句话说，你的问题是非常通用的（通常，对于SO来说是好的），而对你的实际问题进行编码可能会以优雅的方式解决整个问题。
如果我按照目前的推断你的问题，你只需要第一个元素的索引既不是1也不是2，而且实现很简单：
let categorize arr =
try
Array.findIndex (fun x -> not(x = 1 || x = 2)) arr
with
| :? System.Collections.Generic.KeyNotFoundException -> Array.length arr
// Usage
let x1 = categorize [|2;1;3|] // returns 2
let x2 = categorize [|4;2;1;3|] // returns 0
let x3 = categorize [|1;2;1|] // returns 3
作为一些免费的好处，您可以获得与数组长度无关并且绝对可读的代码 这是你需要的吗？
答案 2 :(得分：0)
你可以写：
let f (xs: _ []) =
if xs.Length=3 then
let p n = n=1 || n=2
if p xs.[0] then
if p xs.[1] then
if p xs.[2] then 3
else 2
else 1
else 0
答案 3 :(得分：0)
F#
let test1 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| 1; 2; _ |] -> A
| [| 1; _; _ |] -> A
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
return Program.MyType.A;
}
break;
default:
return Program.MyType.A;
}
break;
}
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
Decompiled IL
Code size 107
结论
F#
let test2 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| _; 2; 3 |] -> B
| [| _; _; 3 |] -> C
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
goto IL_49;
}
break;
default:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
break;
default:
goto IL_49;
}
break;
}
break;
default:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.B;
default:
goto IL_49;
}
break;
default:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
goto IL_58;
}
goto IL_49;
}
break;
}
IL_58:
return Program.MyType.C;
}
IL_49:
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
Decompiled IL
Code size 185
结论
F#
let test3 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| 1; 2; a |] when a <> 3 -> B
| [| 1; 2; _ |] -> C
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
if (x[2] != 3)
{
int a = x[2];
return Program.MyType.B;
}
break;
}
break;
}
break;
}
}
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
return Program.MyType.C;
}
break;
}
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
结论
F#
let (| Is3 | IsNot3 |) x =
if x = 3 then Is3 else IsNot3
let test4 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| 1; 2; Is3 |] -> B
| [| 1; 2; IsNot3 |] -> C
| [| 1; 2; _ |] -> D // This rule will never be matched.
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
{
FSharpChoice<Unit, Unit> fSharpChoice = Program.|Is3|IsNot3|(x[2]);
if (fSharpChoice is FSharpChoice<Unit, Unit>.Choice2Of2)
{
return Program.MyType.C;
}
return Program.MyType.B;
}
}
break;
}
break;
}
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
结论
F#
let (| Equal3 |) x =
if x = 3 then Equal3 1 else Equal3 0 // Equivalent to "then 1 else 0"
let test5 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| 1; 2; Equal3 0 |] -> B
| [| 1; 2; Equal3 1 |] -> C
| [| 1; 2; _ |] -> D
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
{
int num = x[2];
switch ((num != 3) ? 0 : 1)
{
case 0:
return Program.MyType.B;
case 1:
return Program.MyType.C;
default:
return Program.MyType.D;
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
break;
}
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
结论
F#
let (| Partial3 | _ |) x =
if x = 3 then Some (Partial3 true) else None // Equivalent to "then Some true"
let test6 x =
match x with
| [| 1; 2; 3 |] -> A
| [| 1; 2; Partial3 true |] -> B
| [| 1; 2; Partial3 true |] -> C
Decompiled C#
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
switch (x[2])
{
case 3:
return Program.MyType.A;
default:
{
FSharpOption<bool> fSharpOption = Program.|Partial3|_|(x[2]);
if (fSharpOption != null && fSharpOption.Value)
{
return Program.MyType.B;
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
break;
}
}
if (x != null && x.Length == 3)
{
switch (x[0])
{
case 1:
switch (x[1])
{
case 2:
{
FSharpOption<bool> fSharpOption = Program.|Partial3|_|(x[2]);
if (fSharpOption != null && fSharpOption.Value)
{
return Program.MyType.C;
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
结论
F#
type MyOne =
| AA
| BB of int
| CC
type MyAnother =
| AAA
| BBB of int
| CCC
| DDD
let test7a x =
match x with
| AA -> 2
let test7b x =
match x with
| AAA -> 2
Decompiled C#
public static int test7a(Program.MyOne x)
{
if (x is Program.MyOne._AA)
{
return 2;
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
}
public static int test7b(Program.MyAnother x)
{
if (x.Tag == 0)
{
return 2;
}
throw new MatchFailureException(...);
}
结论