Question

我正在使用SPring 3.1.1.RELEASE和JUnit 4.8.1。在我的测试课中，我想模拟一个私人领域，并发现了“ReflectionTestUtils”的美丽......

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:test-context.xml" })
public class OrderServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests
    …
        @Autowired
    private OrderService m_orderSvc;

    @Test
    public void testGetPDOrders() throws QuickBaseException, Exception {
        …
            ReflectionTestUtils.setField(m_orderSvc, "m_orderDao", mockOrderDao);

下面是我试图模拟的类和字段......

@Service("orderService")
@Transactional
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    …
    @Autowired
    private OrderDAO m_orderDao;

令人失望的是，我收到以下错误。我已经读过这是因为我的班级被标记为“@Transactional”但是我找不到足够的解决办法，因此编写setter方法仅仅是为了容纳JUnit似乎是浪费。有没有人有另外一个关于如何将我的模拟对象注入私有字段的建议？

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not find field [m_orderDao] on target [org.mainco.subco.myclient.service.OrderServiceImpl@282f0e07]
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:112)
    at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:107)
    at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:84)
    at org.mainco.subco.myclient.service.OrderServiceTest.testGetPDOrders(OrderServiceTest.java:130)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Answer 1

我不确定你正在使用什么样的模拟库，但是Spring和Mockito之间有一个很有用的集成，名字叫“Springockito”，它可以在更大的Spring上下文中实现模拟的战术插入容易。

您的想法是更改测试应用程序上下文以将该bean映射到模拟，而不是尝试在运行时将模拟连接到父bean。

所以你真的最终得到了：

文字-context.xml中

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ... xmlns:mockito="http://www.mockito.org/spring/mockito" xsi:schemaLocation="... http://www.mockito.org/spring/mockito https://bitbucket.org/kubek2k/springockito/raw/tip/springockito/src/main/resources/spring/mockito.xsd"> <mockito:mock id="m_orderDao" class="my.package.OrderDao"/>  </beans>

然后，如果你需要与它进行交互，你就可以将模拟本身自动装入你的测试中，就像你现在为你的服务所做的一样。

如果你不使用Mockito，你仍然可以使用上面的方法，而是使用你的模拟库的方法来创建模拟作为bean的工厂。

Answer 2

截至2014年，最简单的解决方案是使用属于Mockito的@InjectMocks注释。这适用于任何类，包括标有@Transactional的那些。

以下是一个例子：

public class TestTestController {

    @Mock
    private TestService testService;

    @InjectMocks
    private TestController testController;

    @Before
    public void initMocks() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMocks() throws Exception {
        String mockedReturnValue = "this is a mocked reply";
        when(testService.getMessage()).thenReturn(mockedReturnValue);

        assertEquals(mockedReturnValue, testController.callTestService());

    }
}

及相关课程

public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private TestService testService;

    public String callTestService() {
        return testService.getMessage();
    }

}

public class TestService {

    public static final String THIS_IS_A_TEST = "this is a getMessage";

    public String getMessage() {
        return THIS_IS_A_TEST;
    }

}

如何将mocks注入标记为“@Transactional”的Spring类？

2 个答案: